United States Forest Service 
Fig. 105. Compare this load of white pine logs, hauled out of the Minnesota forests over the 
snow, with the load shown in Figure 106. The difference helps to account for the fact that lum- 
bering is a winter occupation in the northern states. 
CHAPTER ELEVEN 
LUMBERING AND FOREST PRODUCTS 
Woop ranks with iron and coal as an aid to man in his attempts to rise 
in civilization. From the earliest times man has burned it to cook his 
food and to keep him warm. For thousands of years it has been the 
chief material for building his house. As time passes new uses are 
continually being found for this valuable substance. For instance, 
when railroads came into use wood was found to be the best material 
for the cross ties, and now a billion and a half cubic feet of wood are 
used annually for that purpose alone. Wood also furnishes good 
fiber for cheap, strong paper. A single newspaper firm in New York 
uses daily more than two hundred tons of paper, which means the 
product of more than three hundred cords of spruce wood. 
LUMBERING 
In view of the many uses of lumber, it is not surprising that the 
forests of the world are attacked every year by thousands of work- 
men, armed with axes and saws and equipped with all sorts of ma- 
chinery. Since we must have wood, even remote forests in rugged 
regions are made to give up their trees. 
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