CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE 
WHAT EUROPE DOES FOR A LIVING 
(A) AN Exercise IN PriMary PRropbuctioN, MANUFACTURING. 
AND TRANSPORTATION 
THE chief ways of getting a living are by (1) raising food, (2) raising 
raw materials, (3) producing minerals, (4) engaging in manufacturing, 
and (5) engaging in commerce. In this exercise we shall try to find 
out in which of these ways the people of Europe get their living. The 
more backward parts of the continent are engaged almost exclusively 
in one of these occupations, while in the most advanced parts all five 
are highly developed. 
The parts of Europe that raise food. This book contains maps 
of the following great food products: 
Wheat (Fig. 38) Rice (Fig. 35) Cattle (Fig. 68) Rye (Fig. 43) 
Corn (Fig. 89) Potatoes (Fig. 48) Sheep (Fig. 71) Barley (Fig. 45) 
Oats (Fig. 40) Sugar (Fig. 54) Swine (Fig. 72) Grapes (Fig. 61) 
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Make an alphabetical list of the countries of Europe arranged vertically, 
and to the right arrange twelve columns headed Wheat, Corn, Oats, etc., 
according to the list of products given above. Turn now to Figure 38, 
and after each country write something to indicate how much wheat is 
produced in proportion to the country’s size, and also in what part of the 
country it is produced, provided there are great differences from part to 
part; then how much corn, oats, rice, etc. Your table will be something 
like this: 
Foop Propucrs oF EUROPE 
COUNTRY 
Austria 
Belgium 
Bulgaria 
Czecho- Slovakia 
Denmark 
Great Britain 
Russia 
WHEAT 
little 
much 
much 
some 
little 
some in southeast 
much In south 
CoRrN 
none 
none 
much 
none 
none 
none 
little in south 
OaTe 
little 
much 
little 
much 
much 
some 
much in center 
Fill out each of the other columns in the same wav. 
> 
Give each country credit for the amount of food which it raises by count- 
ing “ much” as equal to 3, “some ” as equal to 2, “little” as 1, and 
“none” as 0. Add up the figures for each country and insert them on a 
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