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called, Piecers. Doffers and Tarwallas work in teams. The chief 
business of the doffers is to remove or doff the full bobbing when a frame 
is stopped and to put empty ones in their place. The business of the 
Tarwallas is, after the doffers have put the empty bobbins on the spindles; 
to make the proper connections of the yarn and put everything in order 
for the immediate running of the machine. The chief work of the Siders 
is to see that the roving passes safely through and to piece broken ends 
bogether at once. Some mills do not employ Tarwallas whose work is 
done by the Doffers. None of the sixteen mills covered by the Enquiry 
at Ahmedabad employed any tarwallas. Wages to machine attendants 
n the Ring Spinning Department are uniformly paid at time. rates at ali 
centres but Jobbers are paid either at time rates or at piece rates in 
Bombay and Sholapur. In Ahmedabad the whole department is on 
fixed wages. Where jobbers are paid on production the unit for 
payment is 1,000 lbs. of yarn produced. In the Mule Spinning Depart- 
ment, some mills pay at time rates and some at piece rates. Each mule 
is generally attended by a gang of seven men composed of 1 Spinner, 
2 Engine Piecers and 4 Side men or Creelers. The basis of payment on 
piece rates is 100 lbs. of yarn produced. Some mills divide the total 
wage value of the production at X per 100 lbs. between the workers in 
a gang in such a proportion as to give the spinner about double the wage 
of the creeler and the side piecer a wage somewhat lower than the spinner 
but more than the creeler. Some mills have separate piece rates, X, 
Xs Xg for Spinners, Side Piecers and Creelers but the different rates 
apply, as in the former case, on the total production turned out by the 
gang. In almost all cases the rates are for 10s. Where yarns of higher 
counts are produced the production is reduced to 10s for purposes of 
wage calculations. There was no Mule Spinning in the mills covered 
oy the Enquiry at Ahmedabad and at Sholapur. 
80. In the Winding Department, the predominant method of pay- 
ment both for male and female operatives on Grey and Colour winding 
was by piece rates at all centres. Male Pirn Winders, however, generally 
received fixed wages. Male Jobbers were universally on time rates as 
also Naskins or Female Jobbers. Out of 2,044 women reelers returned in 
Bombay, 1,906 were on piece rates, 3 on time rates and 135 on both time 
and piece rates. In Ahmedabad there were 5 on time rates and 424 on 
piece rates. In Sholapur 366 out of the 380 women reelers returned were 
on piece rates and the remainder on time rates. The unit of payment 
for piece rates was generally 100 lbs. in the Winding Department with 
variations per 10 or 20 lbs. or per doff. In the case of those Reelers who 
were on both time and piece rates the basis of payment was Rs. 8 per 
month plus 1 anna per doff. 
8l. In the Warping Department, Jobbers, Assistant Jobbers and 
Creelers were paid at time rates at all centres. Warpers were almost 
universally paid at piece rates, the unit for payment in Bombay and 
Sholapur generally being 100 Ibs. and in Ahmedabad 1,000 yards of yarn 
wrapped on the beams. Wages in the Doubling Department were paid 
at time rates at all centres. In the Sizing Department the fixed rate