yt 
approval is awarded the applicant. The devices 
submitted for approval are usually sent to the De- 
partment by manufacturers of the devices, but it 
trequently happens that the industry affected by a 
regulation will design a device of its own and submit 
it for approval. This latter practice is growing and 
's most gratifying to the Department because it indi- 
sates an increased interest in accident-prevention 
work by industrial plants. 
Two of the codes of regulations enforced by the 
Department cover boilers and elevators. Among 
other provisions are requirements for periodical in- 
spections by approved inspectors. Insurance companies have a cooper- 
\tive understanding with the Department, and their boiler and elevator 
inspectors, as well as those of the Department, must pass examinations 
‘0 determine their qualifications for the posts. For this reason the 
[ndustrial Board has two advisory boards composed of technical ex- 
perts, one for boilers and one for elevators. These advisory boards 
meet quarterly and conduct examinations, the results of which deter- 
mine whether or not the Board shall authorize the 
granting of. certificates of competency to applicants 
for inspectors’ commissions. 
The advisory boards are also utilized when expert 
technical advice is needed in the conduct of the busi- 
ness of the Industrial Board insofar as boilers and 
elevators are concerned. These two advisory boards 
receive no remuneration other than actual expenses, 
and their service is of inestimable value to the De- 
partment, to employers, workers and the public. 
The personnel of the Boiler Board is made up of 
representatives of boiler manufacturers, of insur- James S. Arnold 
ance companies, and of the cities of Philadelphia and Sporty 
Erie, the latter two representing boiler owners and the public. W.P. 
Eales, Travelers Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn.; John M. 
Lukens, Chief Boiler, Inspector, City of Philadelphia; James Speed, 
Chief Boiler Inspector, City of Erie; and George W. Bach, Union Iron 
Works, Erie, Pa., constitute this Board. 
The Elevator Board has representation from elevator manufacturers, 
elevator erectors, engineers, insurance companies, and cities of Phila- 
delphia and Pittsburgh, the latter two representing elevator owners 
and the public. This Board comprises William McD. Manning, of the 
Otis Elevator Company, Philadelphia; James Heron, Elevator Con- 
structors’ Union, Philadelphia; W. S. Atkinson, Ashland, N. J.; W. P. 
Eales, Travelers Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.; Samuel B. 
Brooks, Chief of the Bureau of Elevator Inspection of the City of 
Philadelphia; and William E. Alexander. Bureau of Building Inspeec- 
tion of the City of Pittsburgh. 
The second major function of the Industrial Board is to act as a 
board of appeal in the interest of industry and the public. By indus- 
try is meant both employer and employe. This service may be ob- 
tained in either of two ways. Where enforcement of a regulation by 
the Department imposes upon anyone a hardship that seems unwar- 
ranted in the licht of existing local conditions, appeal may be taken