Manufacturing Outside the United States 27] 
MANUFACTURING IN OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES 
In the areas outside the six countries already described in this chap- 
ter, Europe carries on considerable manufacturing when compared 
with any other parts of the world except its own manufacturing section 
and the United States. Northern Italy with its silk and other factories ; 
Sweden with its steel works, wood pulp, paper, and match factories; 
Denmark with its butter and cheese factories ; and several other coun- 
tries, all deserve notice in any complete study of manufacturing. In 
the same way Barcelona, Prague, Warsaw, Budapest, and Moscow are 
examples of cities where manufacturing is more advanced and active 
than almost anywhere else except western Europe, the United States, 
and parts of Japan. Nevertheless, the manufactures of Europe out- 
side the main industrial district near the North Sea are relatively slight. 
MANUFACTURING OUTSIDE THE' UNITED STATES AND EUROPE 
Outside the United States and Europe, all the rest of the world makes 
far less cotton cloth than the one small British county of Lancaster, and 
less chemical products than one small valley in western Germany. It 
refines less petroleum than the single city of Bayonne; and manufac- 
tures fewer leather shoes than the small city of Brockton, less woolen 
cloth than a single company in Massachusetts, and less iron than a 
single company in Pennsylvania. Nevertheless, certain regions show 
many signs of rapid development. 
Japan. Foremost among these stands Japan. The energy of the 
people, their artistic ability, and the large supply of labor are rapidly 
making great industrial centers of Osaka, Kobe, Nagoya, and Tokio. 
Even in the manufacture of ordinary cotton goods the Japanese love 
of beauty displays itself, while the Japanese silks, lacquered ware, floor 
matting, earthenware, and paper, even when machine made, often 
have a distinctive quality that finds them a market all over the world. 
The promise of industrial development in the Commonwealth of 
Australia. Southeastern Australia and New Zealand resemble the 
Pacific coast of the United States in their relation to manufacturing, 
as in many other ways. Because they are new regions with splendid 
natural resources, the energy of the people is still largely devoted to 
producing food and raw materials; but the people are wide awake and 
energetic and are far both from markets for their products and from 
the sources of supply of manufactured goods. Hence they not only 
find it necessary to carry on the kinds of manufacturing that prepare 
their goods for market, — for example, meat packing. cheese making,