wre 
»y 
formula for ascertaining the statistically accurate modal average, but 
where the clags interval is large it is often desirable to locate the mode 
within the limits of the class. The mode is useful in cases where it is 
desirable to eliminate extreme variations as it is the type that, to the 
ordinary mind, seems best to represent the group. But the dis- 
advantages of a mode as a type are, that in many cases no single well- 
defined type actually exists, and it is not at all useful if it is desirable to 
give any weight to extreme variations. 
129. An examination of the frequency tables will show that the rate 
of progression to the point of greatest density is, in most departments, 
fairly uniform in character and that the progression to the higher 
groups after the posifion of greatest density has been passed is on a 
gradually diminishing basis. There are cases, however, where there 
may be two or more points of greatest density, but, on the other hand, 
it is a statistical dogma that if the mode cannot be located by any 
arithmetical process it cannot be accurately determined by any 
method. In considering the frequency tables as they stand, the limits 
adjacent to the point of greatest density would represent the limits 
within which the earnings of the most predominant occupation in the 
department would fall, the extremes covering the higher paid 
operatives such as jobbers and those workers who have only put 
in a few days work in the month. In view of the inclusion of several 
occupations in a department it would not be of much utility to 
work out modal averages for each and every department. The points 
of greatest density could in the majority of the cases be placed at once 
even by a layman who knows nothing of statistical methods and 
practice and he would not go far wrong. Modal groups have, however, 
been ascertained for the more numerically important departments and 
the results are presented in the following two tables for male and female 
workers respectively — 
Predominant Modal Classes for Monthly Earnings in Selected 
Departments in Bombay 
(1) Mex 
Department or 
Occupation 
Weavers . 
Ring Spinning  .. . 
Slubbing, Inter and Roving 
Carding Room  .. 
Blow Room _~ 
Drawing Frame .. 23 
Drawing-In ve .. 
Cloth Folding . : 
Weaving, General 
Total 
number 
returned 
1,758 
8,872 
2,842 
1.318 
883 
848 
820 
1,482 
ROM 
Modal 
Group of 
Monthly 
Earnings 
ns. 
30 to 55 
24 to 26 
30 to 32 
24 to 26 
24 to 26 
34 to 36 
24 to 26 
24 to 26 
120 to 130 
Number of 
workers in 
the Modal 
OTOND 
2,204 
1,704 
343 
268 
279 
159 
3 
320 
143 
Percentage 
of ee 
umber in 
the group 
0 number 
retiirned 
18-74 
19-21 
12-07 
20-33 
31-60 
18-75 
8:90 
21-59 
15°04