INDEBTEDNESS FROM 1900 TO 1913 159 
and out of Australia which are not included in the tables already 
set out. The most important of these concerns the transfer of 
capital and effects consequent upon migration. These trans- 
actions are of a one-sided character; and, while they do not 
involve payments in the usual trade sense, they do have an 
appreciable effect upon the balance of indebtedness and must 
be included in the final reckoning. Goods and capital arriving 
with immigrants increase the credit total to that extent; 
Tare XXXVII 
Net Migration and Related Capital Movements 
Year. 
1901 . 
1902 . 
1903 . 
1904 . 
1905 . 
1906 . 
1907 . 
1908 . 
1909 . 
1910 . 
1911 . 
1012 . 
1918 | 
Emigrants. 
4293 
9876 
2983 
2600 
2040 
Capital loss. 
; £m. 
0-0859 
0-198 
0-059 
0-052 
So 
Immigrants. 
2 059 
5,195 
5,437 
21,783 
29,912 
74-379 
91,803 
63.227 
Capital gain. 
£m. 
0-059 
0-104 
0-109 
0-436 
0-698 
1-488 
1-838 
1-266 
emigrants’ effects and capital correspondingly swell the debit 
total. The evaluation of these items, however, is a matter of 
considerable difficulty, and anything like accurate computation 
is out of the question. Nevertheless, sufficient is known of the 
circumstances attendant upon migration movements to Australia 
to enable a rough estimate to be made. There is no compulsory 
declaration of capital by immigrants entering Australia; and 
the scanty records of government departments, eked out by the 
impressions of migration and welfare officers, are the chief basis 
for the calculation. The estimate has been compared with the 
corresponding estimates by investigators of this aspect in 
Canada, the United States, and New Zealand ; and it is claimed 
that the sums mentioned are, at least, not excessive. Having 
regard to the number of children included in the total immigra- 
* Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, Commonwealth Demography. 
1913 and Previous Years, Bulletin No. 31.