Problems in Primary Production 
1490 
Fic. 113. The Brazilian cattle ranger grazes his herds on the plains of southeastern Brazil, where 
the hich plateau ives the region a temperate climate. although within the tropical latitudes. 
The port of the west coast. Valparaiso, the fifth of the great 
South American ports, is the chief port of the west coast. It lies on 
the narrow coastal plain between the high ranges of the Andes and 
the sea. Its distance from Buenos Aires by water is about the same 
as the distance from New York to England. 
32. What does Figure 1 show about the climatic advantages of Valparaiso, 
as compared with the other ports of the west coast? 
33. What causes its exports of primary products to be of far less value 
than those of the four ports on the east side? 
How do the up-country regions of the five chief South American cities 
compare in (a) size, (b) relief, (c) general productions. and (d) nature of 
their primary products? 
34. 
(3) THE SOUTH AMERICAN PORTS GROUPED BY PRODUCTS 
The South American ports may be grouped as: (a) mineral ports, 
(b) cocoa ports, (c) sugar ports, (d) rubber ports, (e) coffee ports, 
and (f) grain and animal ports. 
The mineral ports of the continent. Scattered along the desert 
portion of the west coast from Valparaiso to Callao are the mineral 
ports. Every port shown in Figure 111, between these two cities,