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Modern Business Geography 
Ja 
51 3 
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Caspar W. Hodgson 
Fig. 118. In the streets of Shanghai, as in all Chinese cities, man power is still used in the three 
ways here shown. Two men are pulling jinrikishas, another man is carrying two heavy baskets 
hung to the pole on his shoulder. and a fourth is pushing a well-laden wheelbarrow. 
for Tibet and western China on their backs. In Syria, Persia, China, 
and Japan the peasants bring home great sheaves of wheat and barley 
on their heads. In China the wheelbarrow also is largely used for all 
sorts of transportation. Such use of human power is possible because 
labor is very cheap, so cheap that two or three men can be hired for 
what it would cost to support a horse. 
How man is used for transportation in advanced countries. In 
spite of marvelous inventions there is still no substitute for man in 
transporting goods short distances. Even in the most advanced coun- 
tries man power is used for at least four stages: (1) as products start 
on their journey; (2) as they are transferred from one means of trans- 
portation to another; (3) as they pass through a factory: and (4) as 
they finish their journey to the consumer. 
Transportation by man in mine, farm, and forest. Deep down in 
mines, like those of Pennsylvania and the Rocky Mountains, human 
muscles are usually the means whereby the coal and ore are shoveled 
into cars. Even on farms where labor-saving machinery is most 
common, human muscles still lift most of the products from the 
ground to the wagon or truck. In the forests, whether in Maine, 
Louisiana, or Oregon, man’s strength is still strained in starting 
the logs on their journey to the mills.