Transportation and the Location of Cities 221 
owes its growth largely to the fact that it is the meeting place of two 
unusually important transportation routes: one, the chief railway be- 
tween Chicago and New York; the other, the iron-ore route from 
Duluth to the western Pennsylvania coal mines. The cities, the iron 
mines, and the coal mines served by these routes all belong to the larg- 
est of their kind. Hence Cleveland has easy access to enormous mar- 
kets and enormous sources of supplies, and has become not only a 
great transportation center, but a large iron-working town. 
Milwaukee, in a similar position, has responded to the marked 
productiveness of southern Wisconsin and the plains to the west. 
From this hinterland railways converge upon the nearest natural 
harbor on Lake Michigan. There, at the common mouth of three 
improved and navigable rivers, Milwaukee has grown up. A train 
ferry to Grand Haven on the east shore of Lake Michigan now brings 
it some of the business that previously passed through Chicago. 
QUESTIONS, EXERCISES, AND PROBLEMS 
A. How the hinterland determines the relative value of imports and exports. 
foREIGN TRADE oF CHIEF Ports oF UntTED STATES (IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS) 
Ports 
“q- 
IMPORTS 
EXPORTS 
ToTAL 
[MPORTS 
"XPORT! 
TFoTaAL 
New York . . 
Galveston. . . 
New Orleans . . 
San Francisco . 
Detroit. . . . 
Seattle . . . 
Buffalo. . 
Boston . . 
Philadelphia 
Baltimore . 
[Los Anceles 
1048 
8 
B2 
018 
281 
1 70 
1966 
289 
252 
2043 
36 
212 
ih 
.726 
955 
oT1 
) 
Nn 
3769 
591 
583 
376 
371 
369 
348 
330 
296 
210 
168 
h | 
| 
Insert the names of these ports on an outline map. Underline the names 
of those which both in 1913 and in 1927 sent out more goods than they 
received. What occupations are most important in their hinterlands ? 
Why do people engaged in these occupations need to import less than 
people engaged in manufacturing? Name two classes of products which 
these people do not need to import, but which factory workers must import 
in order both to live and to work. 
Frame a statement to show which section of the United States is most 
completely dependent upon transportation.