CHAPTER SEVENTEEN 
SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN TRANSPORTATION 
(A) Trap Routes aAnp Cities oF BritisH NORTH AMERICA 
Fourteen cities in the Dominion of Canada have populations of more 
than fifty thousand. Because of the climate, these cities are crowded 
toward the southern border. 
In the colony of Newfoundland (which includes Labrador) only the 
capital, St. John's, has a population of more than five thousand. 
Leaping Cities AND THEIR POPULATIONS 
Montreal 
Toronto . 
Vancouver 
Winnipeg 
Quebec . 
Hamilton 
Ottawa 
Calgary 
952,900 
556,700 
250,000 
191,400 
126,000 
122,500 
19,300 
55 500 
Edmonton 
Victoria 
London 
Halifax 
Windsor 
3+ John 
> "ohn 
Reg.ns 
. 
65,200 
65,000 
64,300 
62,000 
56,400 
50,000 
40,100 
27 300 
I. What kinds of transportation connect the leading cities with one another 
and with the western plains? 
2. Through what waterways does their inland commerce reach the ocean? 
3. Divide the cities listed above into seaports, lake ports, river ports, and 
cities without water transportation. Which ports have good harbors? 
The eastern port of Canada. The chief ports of Canada are Mon- 
treal and Vancouver. Montreal is almost as important as all the others 
combined. It is located as follows: (a) on the St. Lawrence-Great 
Lakes waterway; (b) at the head of navigation for ocean steamers; 
(¢) a thousand miles from the open sea; (d) where the Champlain- 
Hudson valley gives an easy route to the south and the Ottawa val- 
ley an easy route to the west; and (e) nearer to Europe than is New 
York. 
{ 
In what respects is the position of Montreal either supgrior or inferior to 
that of New York? 
The cold climate does not permit agriculture in the regions north 
and northwest of Montreal. It causes the St. Lawrence to be frozen 
five months of the year. 
5. What effect would you expect the foregoing facts to have on the commerce 
of Montreal ?