North Dakota — Continued 
value of manufacturing 327 
North Sea 103, 107 
Norway, barley 41; wheat 53; oats 57; fish- 
eries 102, 103*; copper 119; mining 122; 
forests 140; foreign commerce 281, 308; 
nitrogen 290; area and population 329 
Nova Scotia 75, 225, 226 
Nuts 289. 293. 336 
Oakland (California) 214,* 215, 260, 330 
Dats, chief cereal 40, 41*; in Scotland 41, 
57; world production 51*; in North 
America 56,* 57,* 58; for feed 83; in 
Europe 278; in Asia and Australia 312 
Oceania 329 
Ohio, corn 47; wheat 53; sheep 91, 93; in 
central forest region 135; electric railways 
185; railway mileage 187; minerals 193, 
325; area and population 326; manufac- 
turing 327 
Ohio River 196, 218* 
Dil. See Petroleum 
Oil cake 23 
Oils, vegetable 267, 293, 3°21 
Oklahoma, petroleum 129, 325 ; coal 325 ; area 
and population 326; manufacturing 327 
Oklahoma City (Oklahoma) 259, 334 
Omaha (Nebraska) 88, 223, 258, 334 
Omdurman (Egypt) 228, 231 
Omsk (Siberia) 316 
Ontario 75 
Optical goods 252 
Oran (Algeria) 228, 230 
Oranges. See Fruits 
Orchards. See Fruits 
Oregon, wheat 42, 16, 53; apples 75; forests 
and lumber 135,* 138, 141; minerals 325: 
area and population 326; manufacturing 
327 
Orient, farming in 26,* 32, « 
67; labor 60, 272, 27° 
Osaka (Japan) 271 
Ostrich feathers 231 
Ottawa (Ontario) 225, 226, 227 
Oxen 163,* 166 
Oyster fishing 105, 109, £1. 
Ozark Mountains 75 
Pacific Ocean, fisheries, 105; fur-seal 106 
Pacific states, manufacturing 212 
Packing, of fruit 76; of Japanese goods 277: 
of goods for South American market 304 
Palestine 41, 318, 328 
Panama 79, 145, 329 
Panama Canal, and Zone 138, 198, 199,* 
200,* 201, 202, 205, 206, 215, 216. 329 
Paper 27, 132, 138, 139. 140. 237. 241. 271. 
273, 293 
Para (Brazil) 151. 331. 335 
Index 
47 
Paraguay, cattle 89; railways 175; area and 
population 329; exports 336 
Paris (France) 266, 267, 288,* 332 
Parrafin 128 
Paterson (New Jersey) 210, 241, 242, 334 
Pawtucket (Rhode Island) 15, 334 
Peaches 74, 80* 
Peas 313 
Pennsylvania, wheat 43; potatoes 62; milk 
supply 94%; iron ore 117; coal 124,* 125, 
27, 193; railways 187; coal routes 211; 
ron and steel industries 236, 271; workers 
»ngaged in manufacturing 272; mineral 
sroduction 325; area and population 326; 
value of manufacturing 327 
“ennsylvania Railroad 210, 212 
Perfumes 267, 268 
2ernambuco (Brazil) 150, 331, 335 
Persia, cotton 7; rice 50; wheat 50; petro- 
leum 130*; transportation 165,* 175; com- 
merce 308; primary products 313; and 
western world 318 ; area and population 328 
“eru, cotton 7, 8, 25; wheat 53; potatoes 
53; copper 119; climate 144; transporta- 
tion 162; commerce 308; area and pop- 
ulation 329; exports 336 
Petroleum, control of 111; a mineral product 
112; production in United States 113, 
20,* 126, 129, 301, 325; consumption in 
Jnited States 126, 128; uses 126, 129, 130, 
251; pipe lines, tank cars, etc. 127, 130, 
131%; oil well 128%; conservation of sup- 
oly 129; world production 130*; re- 
ineries 250, 263, 271; imports into United 
States 293; In Asia and Australia 312: 
from Asia 321 
Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) 72, 78, 91, 161, 
190, 210, 211, 212, 215, 216, 221, 251, 330 
Philippine Islands, rice 51,* 52; sugar cane 
71, 292; fruits 77, 78; coconuts and 
copra 79%; water power 263; abaca 
‘Manila hemp) 289; as market for United 
States goods 301, 306, 308; foreign com- 
merce 306, 308; primary products 312; 
area and population 326, 328 
Photographic goods 252 
Dikes Peak 180 
Pipe lines 127, 130, 131* 
Pitch 136 
Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) 125. 218.* 236. 
253, 254, 330 
Platinum 112 
Poland, potatoes 67; transportation 195; 
flax 279; area and population 329 
Population, farming, in United States 32; 
in Orient 33; concentration of 54; rela- 
tion to potato growing 67; to sheep 97; 
to swine 98; of South America 146, 153, 
303. 304: and railwavs 178.179: percen-