TL 
A.D. 
1014 HallfreBur, an Icelander, the scald of king Olafur Tryggvason, d. 
Battle of Clontarf or Brian's battle where many Icelanders 
were engaged. 
St, Olafur, king of Norway, makes an unsuccessful attempt to 
gain possession of Iceland. 
Snorri godi (chief) d. and Grettir, the outlaw killed, these two 
being the last notable personages of the saga period or heroic 
age. 
{sleifur Gizurarson first native consecrated as bishop of Ice- 
land by order of the Pope. 
Ari frédi, the historian, b. 
Bishop f[sleifur Gizurarson d. 
Bishop fsleifur succeeded by his son Gizur, of whom “it can 
be truthfully said that he was both king and bishop of the is- 
land until his death“ (1118). 
System of tithes introduced by bishop Gizur and others. 
Laws committed to writing. Beginning of literary period. 
Death of Ari fr60i, ‘the father of Icel. history writing. 
The greatest Icel. historian, Snorri Sturluson, b. 
Jon Loftsson, the great chief and peace-maker, d. . 
Civil war of the Sturlunga period (1200—1264) begins. 
Snorri Sturluson persuades Hakon king of Norway and duke 
5kili to abandon their plan of a military expedition to Iceland. 
Battle of Orlygsstadir, where many of the Sturlunga family 
were killed. 
Snorri Sturluson treacherously assassinated by order of king 
Hékon of Norway (Sept. 22). 
Sea-battle of Hiinabay (June 25.). 
Death of ThérBur Kakali, a great chief of the Sturlunga family. 
Gizur Thorvaldsson illegally created earl or governor of Ice- 
land by the king of Norway. 
End of the Commonwealth, the Icelanders become the subjects 
of the king of Norway. 
1268 Gizur Thorvaldsson d. 
1271-3 The Jé4rnsida code of law adopted. 
1281 Jénsbék, a new code of law, adopted. 
1284 Sturla Thérdarson, the historian, d. 
1286 The Icelanders refuse conscription.