For those farms which rented out means of produc- 
tion, the income from the renting out of working live- 
stock and agricultural implements reached a substan- 
tial figure, as may be seen from their budgets: 
Per Cent Income From Renting Out 
Means of Production to Total 
Estimated Net Income of Farm 
For Farms With For Farms With 
Means of Pro- Means of Pro- 
duction Valued duction Valued 
at 801-1,400 at More Than 
Rubles 1,400 Rubles 
i: 5.2 
Province 
TAMDOY coins orem 
Ukraine (wooded steppe 
$7 41s) 11) J ——— 5.1 
Ukraine (steppe region) 16.5 
NOVOSIDITSE oer 74 
78 
12.2 
04 
The inherent contradictions and the backwardness 
»f small-scale production are also illustrated by the 
great degree of the non-utilization of the available 
labor power, a large part of which the small-scale pro- 
ducer is not able to apply due to the insufficiency of 
the means of production: 
Unused Working Time, in Per Cent of 
Available Supply 
Proletarian and Semi- Small-scale Commod- 
proletarian Holdings ity Producers 
43.2 40.7 
41.1 41.3 
61.1 46.3 
89.2 39.2 
a 41.7 
416.5 11.7 
REGION 
Ukraine oso. sen 
Northern Caucasus ........ 
Lower Volga mm 
Betty mmampnosmmmmmns 
Central Black Soil... 
Moscow Industrial on. 
The limitations of small-scale cultivation are also 
quite clearly reflected in the indicators of the efficiency 
of production among the various social groups of the 
village. This may be seen from the following data on 
the grain yield and the productivity of milch cattle: 
18