Der Salzhandel, die Salinen und Salzbergwerke Württembergs im 19. Jahrhundert

Responsibility of states for damage caused in their territory to the person or property of foreigners

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1023136384

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-39354

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Neumann, Paul

Title:: Der Salzhandel, die Salinen und Salzbergwerke Württembergs im 19. Jahrhundert

Place of publication:: Tübingen

Publisher:: Druck von H. Laupp jr.

Year of publication:: 1912

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (III, 175 Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2018

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: I. Abschnitt. Allgemeine Darstellung

Collection:: Economics Books

IX.—CORRELATION. 179 average weekly earnings of agricultural labourers in 38 English Poor-law unions of an agricultural type (the data of Example i., Chap. VIIL p. 137). (2) Y—the percentage of the population in receipt of Poor-law relief on the Ist January 1891 in each of the same unions (B return). The means of each of the variables are calculated in the ordinary way, and then the deviations z and y from the mean are written down (columns 4 and 5): care must be taken to give each deviation the correct sign. These deviations are then squared (columns 6 and 7) and the standard deviations found as before (Chap. VIII. p. 136). Tinally, every a is multiplied by the associated y and the product entered in column 8 or column 9 according to its sign. These columns are then added up separately and the algebraic sum of the totals gives 3(ry)= — 66604: therefore the mean product p=3(zy)/N= - 17-53, and 17-53 T= 05x13 6 There is therefore a well-marked relation exhibited by these data between the earnings of agricultural labourers in a district and the percentage of the population in receipt of Poor-law relief. A penny is rather a small unit in which to measure deviations in the average earnings, so for the regressions we may alter the unit of to a shilling, making o,= 171, and b=r2= 087, &,=rZ=_050. Ty Ox The regression equations are therefore, in terms of these units, z= -08T7y y= - 0-502. For practical purposes it is more convenient to express the equations in terms of the absolute values of the variables rather than the deviations: therefore, replacing « by (X - 1594) and y by (¥ - 367) and simplifying, we have X=1913-087Y . fa) Y=1164 - 050X ©) the units being 1s. for the earnings and 1 per cent. for the pauperism. The standard errors made in using these equations to estimate earnings from pauperism and pauperism from earnings respectively are a, M1 —12=154d. = 1-285. a, NT =r2= 0:97 per cent.

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