Bankpolitik

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 175994050X

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-137069

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Gorter, Herman http://d-nb.info/gnd/118718207

Title:: Der historische Materialismus

Edition:: 3., bedeutend verm. Ausg.

Place of publication:: Berlin

Publisher:: Buchh. für Arbeiterliteratur

Year of publication:: 1928

Scope:: 137 S.

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: V. Das gesellschaftliche Sein bestimmt den Geist

Collection:: Economics Books

176 INTERNATIONAL TRADE count of yarn the average Japanese spinner tends about 240 spindles while spinners in an American mill, with some assistance from a doffer, tend at least 1,000 spindles and frequently more. Similarly, in weaving staple cotton sheetings, the Japanese weaver seldom operates more than two plain looms, while the American weaver, with perhaps some assistance in supplying fresh bob- bins, normally tends from eight to ten plain looms, and on looms equipped with automatic filling batteries, 20 looms per weaver is normal, and 24 or 26 is not uncommon.” ! It is true, of course, that the product for a given outfit of machinery is not necessarily the same in the two countries. What difference there is, how- ever, would be in favor of the American mill; its machinery, we may safely assume, runs faster and more continuously, turns out more per hour and per day, than the Japanese. Not only as regards the specific operations of spinning and weaving, but for all the mill labor and for the mill product in its completed form, the physical product would doubtless be found at least four times as great in the American mill. The figures on money cost — accountant’s cost — for the two countries reflect the same situation and substantiate the con- clusions. Money wages in Japan are much lower. Japanese weavers, for example, get one-fifth to one-sixth of what American weavers get. But so much greater is the effectiveness of weavers in the United States that the weaving cost (money expense) per yard of cloth is three-eighths of a cent ($0.00375) in a Japanese mill and about one-fourth of a cent ($0.00270) in an American mill working with automatic looms. In spinning, with the same differences in money wages, the manufacturing (“conversion”) cost of a pound of number 20 yarn was $0.087 in Japan, $0.112 in the United States. The final figure in this case is higher for the United States, wages being lower in Japan more than in pro- portion to the lower effectiveness of labor. If account were taken of the poorer quality of Japanese yarn, the effective money price, 1T may add that since the time when this was written (1921), the number of automatic looms tended by an American weaver has still further increased, and in some mills was in 1924 double the number stated in the text.

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