The Elements of economic geology

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1773832379

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-172798

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Gregory, John W. http://d-nb.info/gnd/11683014X

Title:: The Elements of economic geology

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Methuen

Year of publication:: 1928

Scope:: XIV, 312 S.; graph. Darst.

Digitisation:: 2021

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Part I. Introduction

Collection:: Economics Books

[5 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY rising through the crust-like sap in a tree. Lasius, in 1787, explained the ore solution as widely diffused ascending water (Fig. 7) which dissolved scattered grains of metals in the rocks through which it passed. Henkel (1679-1744), ** the Father of Mineral Chemistry,” recognized the evidence for the for- mation of lodes by replacement; but in accordance with the terminology of his time called it transmutation. Werner, the founder of the modern Freiberg school, in 1791 repudiated all theories based on transmutation, insisting that intrans- mutability is “ the fundamental pillar of chemistry; ” he claimed, like the lateral secretionists, that as lodes become poorer and thinner below, they must be filled from above or from the sides. These early students of ore deposits recog- nized facts which have only been duly appreciated within recent years, and their view of the ascensionist origin is now established for most lodes, though the ores of iron and manganese are mainly due to water that is percolating downward. STRUCTURE oF THE EARTH ; Its BARYSPHERE—The metals in the ores were originally scattered through the primary material of the earth. The largest part of the earth is the barysphere, a shell more than 3000 miles thick, and composed mainly of iron alloyed with nickel! The core of the earth, the centrosphere, about 1600 miles in diameter, is fluid as it does not transmit waves of distortion due to earthquakes. The rocky crust, the lithosphere, for which the phenomena of earthquakes and radioactivity suggest a thickness of about 40 miles, may be regarded as a slag due to the lighter materials having floated upwards, while the heavier constituents sank and formed the barysphere. The weight of the earth shows that the bulk is metallic, and its constituents, in order of abundance, are probably—iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, aickel, calcium, and aluminium. The lithosphere was formed primarily of igneous minerals, which solidified from a molten state. They gave off during their consolidation water and gases which form the two outer layers of the earth, the hydrosphere or the surface waters, and the atmosphere. The action of water and ajr and sudden changes of temperature break the surface of the lithosphere into fragments which are deposited as beds of ! For fuller information, cf, Tyrrell, Principles of Petrology, PP. 4-7-

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