Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter VIII. Assistance to farming

Collection:: Economics Books

148 THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR This endeavor by the zemstvos to encourage initiative among the masses met with the loyal support of the codperative and agricul- tural societies, and the community at large. When the spring work in 1915 was about to begin in a large number of provinces, volost and village assemblies were held at which resolutions were passed to support the families of mobilized men. In the province of Ekateri- noslav alone more than a thousand resolutions to this effect are known to have been adopted, and a similar attitude was noted in the provinces of Samara, Kiev, Kherson, and many others. In many rural communities in the district of Kherson the village meetings pledged themselves to render every assistance to the families of mobilized men in connection with threshing and the sowing of win- ter crops. In the province of Nizhni-Novgorod the village meetings everywhere resolved to apportion among the villagers the labor of cultivating the land of mobilized men, at the rate of two or three laborers for every ten residents. In eighteen volosts of the district of Gomel in the province of Mogilev the peasants decided to plow the fields of mobilized men for the sowing of winter crops without remuneration. In the district of Ananev in the province of Kherson village meetings in some instances appointed special “guardians” for each soldier’s family, who were expected to help them both by personal labor and by lending them whatever implements they might be in need of. In the district of Uman in the province of Kiev the peasants assessed themselves at the rate of twenty to forty co- pecks a deciatine and out of the funds thus collected money was given to the families of the soldiers to enable them to buy seed and hire labor. As a rule, such relief was granted to families in actual need, and only rarely to all families of soldiers. The period of 1914- 1915 abounds in resolutions of peasant meetings pledging them- selves to render assistance in the form of personal service. Families possessing horses were requested to combine with their relatives or nearest neighbors for work in common, while families having none were given assistance by the community. Some of these resolutions specified the number of deciatines of land belonging to soldiers’ wives which was to be cared for by the community; in other cases, again, special labor gangs would be appointed to look after land of this class. At first the efforts of the zemstvos, codperative societies, and peasant organizations yielded favorable results, so that the year

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