Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter IX. Relief of refugees

Collection:: Economics Books

170 THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR namely 0.14 per cent. In the whole of European Russia, 2,625,806 refugees settled, and of this number 552,714 took up their resi- dence in the provincial towns, constituting 21 per cent of the total number. A comparatively small number of refugees, 76,949, went as far as Siberia. Still fewer, 38,518, made their way to Central Asia, and fewest of all, 23,758, to the Caucasus.’ By nationality, refugees were distributed as follows: Russians, 57.9 per cent; Poles, 14.2 per cent; Letts, 9.8; Jews, 6.3 per cent; Lithuanians, 2.8; others, 9 per cent.* As regards the provinces of origin of the refugees, information was available only in 806,000 cases. In the first place came the prov- ince Grodno with 80.6 per cent of the total number of refugees; then followed Volhynia with 24.07 per cent, Kholm with 11.18 per cent, and Kovno with 6 per cent. The total number of refugees registered from Poland was only 6.46 per cent, and from Galicia, 3.39 per cent. The remaining provinces furnished between 0.16 per cent (Bessarabia) and 4.82 per cent (Minsk). The overwhelming majority of refugees consisted of women, children, and the aged. Adult males constituted only 22 per cent of the total. It should not be thought, however, that even these males were fully capable of performing hard physical labor. The fact was that a considerable aumber of the men were sick and all of them were utterly exhausted and undernourished. However, the vast majority, having been forced to abandon their homes at a moment’s notice, and having lost all they had in the world, finding themselves in strange places with- out future prospects, and having suffered untold hardships, had lost all energy and simply given up the struggle in hopeless resig- nation. The total number of refugees mentioned above cannot be considered exact. Subsequent figures would appear to bring the total number of refugees settled in new places as high as 3,200,000. It was even advanced, although without sufficient proofs, that the total number of refugees must have been between 10,000,000 and 15,000.,000.12 » Izvestia (Bulletin), Nos. 45-46, p. 129. 10 Ibid., No. 47, pp. 84-85. lt Ibid., Nos. 48-44, p. 121. iz Tyyd; (Proceedings) of the Commission for the Investigation of the Effects on Public Health of the War of 1914-1920, Moscow, 1923.

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