Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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CHANGES IN PRINCIPLES 289 mocratized” zemstvo boards was their largely increased member- ships, which was due to the fact that the number of the members was not determined so much by the amount of work they were ex- pected to do as by the agreements entered into by the political parties. It is only natural that the work of the zemstvos, which had suf- fered already from the extraordinary stress and strain of war condi- tions, should have been seriously disorganized during the brief pe- riod of existence of the so-called “democratized” zemstvos; and indeed the decline of them was rapid. The New Zemstvo Act. In the autumn of 1917 the old zemstvos gave way to others, elected under the law passed by the Provisional Government. This law provided that zemstvo institutions were to be established in every province and territory of Russia. It was based upon the recog- nition of the vast importance of local government to the State, and the zemstvos, having been granted a considerable extension of their powers and functions and having been made independent, were at the same time incorporated in the general administrative system as autonomous organs of the Government. The Government also sur- rendered to the zemstvos a certain part of its administrative powers by placing under their jurisdiction the local police force and con- tinuing to contribute to the maintenance of this force from the State Treasury. In transferring to the zemstvos all question: of elementary education, the medical and veterinary service, various agricultural organizations, and other such matters, the new law en- ‘rusted to the provincial zemstvos the function of guiding and con- trolling the district zemstvos, and the latter therefore could now be regarded as, in a certain sense, subordinate organs. In addition to this, the Provisional Government began work on a number of re- forms in the field of local taxation as the zemstvos had in great measure exhausted the funds and sources of revenue with which the old law had endowed them. But the commission specially formed for this purpose was prevented from concluding its labors bv the out- break of the Bolshevik Revolution. The new law also introduced radical changes into the structure of the zemstvo institutions by creating small territorial divisions of lo- c 1 e = oo x € La Oo © on 2 © 3 spot Qn = < [7d © a 0 OQ ~ << ~ m ~ oO | | [ old oO oN Oo ow Oo Nn o o — b E EL | EX la = -— — O ~~ pa € © —— o oN 0 << Tol m N 7 ON MY) oN ¢) A= zt 1 4 -¥ mm 4 0)

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