Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter IV. General outline of the work of the Union of Zemstvos

Collection:: Economics Books

WORK OF THE UNION 63 bags for trench work. In addition to all these articles, boots had to be bought continuously, and this work, as we shall presently see, reached such vast dimensions that the Union had to undertake to collect the hides of slaughtered cattle and attend to the tanning, be- sides manufacturing the necessary tanning extracts. Medical Goods and Surgical Instruments. At the beginning of the War the supply of medical goods was carried on under great difficulties. At the outset, the well-stocked central pharmacy of the Moscow zemstvo served the needs of the Union. Soon, however, its stocks began to dwindle. The Union then made an attempt to collect everything of this description that could be found in the Russian market. At the same time (about the middle of August) the Union was able to establish connections with foreign markets. During the first four months of the War its total pur- chases of medical goods were valued at 1,245,780 rubles, of which goods to the value of only 291,689 rubles were bought in Russia. These initial foreign purchases arrived at Moscow mainly during September, October, and November, 1914. Prices both in Russia and abroad were, of course, much higher than before the War, and in the case of some articles as much as 23 to 106 per cent higher. The prices of Russian goods were found to be higher than of im- ported goods, for the Zemstvo Union was exempt from the payment of customs duties and had the privilege of free transport for its purchases from the Russian frontier to. the interior. The greatest increase in prices was noted in the case of the alkaloids and iodine preparations. Chemico-pharmaceutical preparations were accepted only in the original packing of the manufacturer and sub jected to chemical analysis in the laboratories of the Union. Still more difficult was the supply of surgical instruments and appliances. The exceedingly high prices charged for them abroad, the difficulty of finding the most suitable types, and the compli- cated purchasing organization itself, tended to reduce greatly the possibilities of foreign purchases. Only the most indispensable and ordinary articles were bought, in Japan, in the early days. Russian firms, however, did their best to come to the rescue, especially the artels of the cottage workers (for example, the Pavlovski artel of metal workers), who, working from patterns and samples furnished

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