Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 1794855874

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-179223

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Polner, Tichon I. http://d-nb.info/gnd/172311195

Title:: Russian local government during the war and the Union of Zemstvos

Place of publication:: New Haven

Publisher:: Yale Univ. Press

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: XXV, 317 S.

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter V. The Zemstvos and the Zemstvo Union

Collection:: Economics Books

THE ZEMSTVOS AND THE UNION 75 following year were usually held in the autumn. Sometimes the pro- vincial assemblies might be postponed till January, but by the end of January, in any case, all the zemstvos had their budgets ready and the assessment of taxes would also be finished by the same date. Hence, in the summer of 1914, when the hostilities began, the zem- stvo budgets for 1914 had already been adopted and the taxes ap- portioned. After the declaration of war, when special meetings of the zemstvo assemblies were held, they were able to make appropria- tions for the war needs either out of their current funds, which, how- ever, were already assigned to specific purposes, or by borrowing money from their capital funds or in anticipation of the 1915 budgets. Under these circumstances, of course, the zemstvo appro- priations for the war needs could not be of very large amount in 1914. The provincial zemstvos, having at their disposal various spe- cial funds, were in a better position than the district zemstvos. It is natural, therefore, that most of the appropriations should have been made by the provincial zemstvos, and that appropriations should have been made by only 39 out of the 440 district zemstvos. Ac- cording to the inquiry conducted by the Central Committee of the Zemstvo Union, the total sum appropriated in 1914 by the pro- vincial zemstvos, excepting that of Kursk, for the war needs, amounted to 12,000,000 rubles, and by the district zemstvos to only 184,000 rubles. The assemblies of the district and provincial zemstvos in the autumn of 1915, being now able to make provision for war appro- priations in their budgets, considerably increased these amounts. According to the same inquiry, the total of all appropriations made by all the provincial (excepting Kursk) and 312 out of the 440 district zemstvos for this purpose in the course of the first year of the War amounted to 32,056,100 rubles (20,838,600 rubles by the provincial zemstvos, and 11,217,500 rubles by the district zem- stvos), or more than 10 per cent of the total amount of all zemstvo budgets and about 17 per cent of the zemstvo taxes on real estate. Not all the zemstvos responded in an equal measure to the new needs created by the War. Thus, for instance, the zemstvos of Taurida province appropriated only 2.9 per cent of their budgets, or 4.4 per cent of the assessed taxes, whereas the zemstvo of the province of Kharkov appropriated 23 per cent of their budget, or 35.2 per cent of their total tax assessments. The size of the appro-

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