Religion, colonising & trade

Die Wasserversorgung in Bayern nach dem Stande vom 1. 1. 1928

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 1834114039

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-222204

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Lucas, Charles Prestwood http://d-nb.info/gnd/101180705

Title:: Religion, colonising & trade

Place of publication:: London

Publisher:: Soc. for Promoting Christian Knowledge

Year of publication:: 1930

Scope:: 84 Seiten

Digitisation:: 2022

Collection:: Economics Books

Usage license:: Get license information via the feedback formular.

Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Chapter I. The sixteenth century

Collection:: Economics Books

DIFFERENCES IN LABOR COSTS 167 ican and the German beverage. Merely on the basis of quan- tity, it would seem that Germany had a comparative advantage in beer over brick and coal ; that is, in the phraseology suggested elsewhere in these pages, she had an inferior disadvantage. The productivity of her labor was less than that in the United States for both groups of commodities — beer on the one hand, coal and brick on the other — but the disadvantage was less marked in the first-named group. Perhaps, in the land of Gambrinus, a better quality of the product makes the disadvantage even smaller, the comparative advantage more marked. Between the United States and Great Britain (i.e. the United Kingdom) some most interesting comparisons of wide sweep have been worked out by Mr. A. W. Flux. That able economist and statistician has used for the purpose the census returns of pro- duction for the year 1907 in Great Britain (the first returns of the kind gathered in that country) and those for the year 1909 in the United States. Here, as with the coal figures, what concerns us is the product per man for each several commodity in the two countries, the total physical output in each of the selected indus- tries being divided by the total number of men employed. Simple tho this may seem, it is by no means easy to arrive at usable results. In order to render the figures for the two countries comparable, it was necessary to make sure that the demarcation of each industry was the same in both — that there was no divergence of classification and scope. Allowance had further to be made for the difference of two years between the census dates (1907 and 1909) and for differences in the activity of trade and industry which might affect the output. The last-named factor was most carefully considered by Mr. Flux, but, as it happened, proved not to be of much moment for the inquiry. More impor- tant was the need of confining the inquiry to industries turning out the same homogeneous product in both countries. Differences in quality might obviously restrict comparisons. Mass products, the same the world over, turned in such large amounts that the census authorities can scan them with ease and that minor errors

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