The Industrial Revolution

Bibliographic data

Monograph

Identifikator:: 875732070

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-2128

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Sagorsky, Simon http://d-nb.info/gnd/126895481

Title:: Die Arbeiterfrage in der Südrussischen Landwirtschaft

Place of publication:: München

Publisher:: Ernst Reinhardt, Verlagsbuchhandlung

Year of publication:: 1908

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (II, 208, V Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2017

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Kapitel IV. Nachfrage und Angebot von Arbeitskräften

Collection:: Economics Books

gviil CONTENTS soncentrated their attention on national wealth, and were uncompromising advocates of laissez faire. The vigour with which they insisted on free play for capital as & right, and denounced traditional views, as to the duty of the State to labourers and the expediency of fostering 8 native food supply, in- sreased class bitterness. The Classical Economists generalised from the special conditions of their own day, and put forward a doctrine of the wages-fund which condemned all efforts on the part of labourers to raise wages, because they happened to be ineffective at that juncture. The Malthusian doctrine, as to the difficulty of procuring subsistence and the rapid growth of population, was & convincing statement of the facts in his time, but left the mistaken impression that all philanthropic effort was necessarily futile. - 737 IV. HumaN WELFARE. 266. The Humanitarians and Robert Owen. English public opinion, ander the influence of John Stuart Mill, became dissatisfied with the mere sonsideration of means, and began to feel after a better ideal of human life, and to work at the conditions which were necessary to realise it. Attempts had been made to put down the cruel treatment of parish apprentices, and other abuses at home and abroad ; and positive efforts to better the con- dition of the poor, by providing new means of education, were generally wel. somed. Robert Owen had extraordinary practical success at New Lanark, not only in his schools and co-operative store, but in managing his mill so as to contribute to the elevation of the operatives in character. v 745 267. The Removal of Personal Disabilities. The status of the workmen was improved by altering the conditions for the settlement of the poor, and by repealing the restrictions on emigration, as well as by the repeal of the Combination Acts. Despite an outbreak of strikes, which disappointed the advocates of repeal, the Combination Acts were not reimposed, and the right of forming Trade Unions was established; the men were defeated in the struggles at Bradford and Kidderminster, but by combining to maintain the standard of life they have secured, with the assistance of the Radicals, » large measure of freedom for joint action. . 2 3 ’ " 754 268. Anti-Pauperism. The methods adopted for the relief of the poor, by providing employment and granting allowances, were most demoralising ander various forms of administration. Neither the overseers nor the justices exercised effective control; and there was need for a central puthority to introduce a better policy. The Poor Law Commission reformed the workhouses, and abolished out-door relief for the able-bodied ; it has been re-organised as a permanent department. . % % + 763 2069. Conditions of Children’s Work. The Econoraists feared that any shortening of hours would drive away trade and add to the distress of the artisans, but they were not ready to welcome interference, even where foreign competition was impossible. From the influence of Robert Owen, an agitation began against the over-working of children, and a Commission was appointed to enquire into the conditions of their labour in the woollen, linen, cotton, and silk mills. The early age of employment was a general evil, and the small mills had a specially bad reputation, bus the irregularity of water-power gave an excuse for working excessive time.

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