Der Antwerpener Hafen und die Pariser Wirtschaftskonferenz

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 886929202

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-4833

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Oboussier, Max

Title:: Der Antwerpener Hafen und die Pariser Wirtschaftskonferenz

Place of publication:: Berlin

Publisher:: Verlag von Georg Stilke

Year of publication:: 1917

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (112 Seiten)

Digitisation:: 2017

Collection:: Economics Books

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Chapter

Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: II. Der Güterverkehr

Collection:: Economics Books

524 LAISSEZ FAIRE planted, it took root in Lancashire and developed steadily till about 1740, when an era of more rapid progress began®. The competition of the East India Company was that which the manufacturers had most reason to fear, and though the cloth they wove of cotton on a linen warp had a practical monopoly in the home market? they were liable to be undersold by the but doth company in foreign markets. Arkwright's inventions, by cout now . . 2 be made of Spinning a firmer cotton thread than had hitherto been pro- ti . 3 . only, and Curable and one which was suitable for the warp’, made it foreigners possible to manufacture a cloth on terms which rendered it acceptable in markets in all parts of the world. The effect of Arkwright’s success was to open up to a trade, that had hitherto been conducted on a small scale, the possi- bility of enormous and indefinite expansion. Materials could be obtained in considerable quantities from the East and the Bahamas; and in the last decades of the eighteenth century increasing supplies were procured from the southern States?’ I The progress was not uncheckered, however, and was closely dependent on the supply of materials. The evidence given before the Select Committee of 1751 seems fo show that their French and German rivals could obtain the linen yarn used as warp more cheaply than the English manufacturers could procure if trom Ireland (Reports from Committees of the House of Commons, Reprints, First Series, 1m. 291, 292). In order to assist them it was resolved that the duties on the importation of foreign linen yarn should be reduced (Commons Journals, XXvL 234). The English had an advantage in the possession of cotton islands; but their continental rivals offered better prices and secured a large part of the crop Reports, op. cit. 296). There were further complaints of decline in the manu. Iacture in 1766. 'T., Letters on the Utility of Machinery, 9. 2 9 Geo. II. c. 4. 8 Linen had been previously used for this purpose. In 1774 an Act was passed which repealed 7 Geo. L. c. 7 and rendered it possible for Arkwright to take full advantage of the improvement. 14 Geo. III. ¢. 72. 4 The average annual import of cotton wool for the years 1701 to 1705 was 1,170,881Ibs.; it rose in the following decade and from 1716-20 averaged 2,178.287 Ibs. For quinquennial periods after the invention of the jenny and frame L771—=1775 . . . 4,764,589, 1776-1780 . . . 6,706,013, 1781—1785 . . . 10,941,934, 1786-1790 . . . 25,448,270. In 1800 it reached 56,010,732 and in 1810, 136,488,935, but after this year there was a remarkable drop (as low as 50,966,000 in 1813), and matters did not mend till after the close of the war. Guest, op. cit. 51. 5 The cultivation of cotton had been introduced into the Carolinas and Georgia from the Bahamas about the time of the War of Independence. Whitney's in- vention of the cotton-gin which separated the fibre from the seed, and prepared the cotton for export, gave an immense stimulus to the production; in 1794, Jne million six hundred thousand pounds were exported. Leone Levi, History, 83. A.D. 1776 —1850.

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