Compte rendu des travaux de la Chambre Syndicale pendant lʹannée 1926

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Monograph

Identifikator:: 890892032

URN:: urn:nbn:de:zbw-retromon-34137

Document type:: Monograph

Author:: Waha, Raymund de http://d-nb.info/gnd/117560855

Title:: Die Nationalökonomie in Frankreich

Place of publication:: Stuttgart

Publisher:: Verlag von Ferdinand Enke

Year of publication:: 1910

Scope:: 1 Online-Ressource (XIX, 540 Seiten)

Collection:: Economics Books

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Document type:: Monograph

Structure type:: Chapter

Title:: Buch I Die liberale Schule

Collection:: Economics Books

= THEORY OF STATISTICS. The figures dealt with in this illustration are estimates of the weekly earnings of the agricultural labourers, <.e. they include allowances for gifts in kind, such as coal, potatoes, cider, etc. The estimated weekly money wages are, however, also given in the same Report, and we are thus enabled to make an interesting comparison of the dispersions of the two. It might be expected that earnings would vary less than wages, as his earnings and not the mere money wages he receives are the important matter to the labourer, and as a fact we find Standard deviation of weekly earnings . 20-5d. T > - wages . 260d. The arithmetic mean wage is 13s. 5d. 6. If we have to deal with a grouped frequency-distribution, the same artifices and approximations are used as in the calculation of the mean (Chap. VIL §§ 8, 9, 10). The mid-value of one of the class-intervals is chosen as the arbitrary origin 4 from which to measure the deviations § the class-interval is treated as a unit throughout the arithmetic, and all the observations within any one class-interval are treated as if they were identical with the mid-value of the interval. If, as before, we denote the frequency in any one interval by f, these f observations con- tribute f¢2 to the sum of the squares of deviations and we have— 1 Boris 2 $2 = 7 ( 72 The standard deviation is then calculated from equation (4). 7. The whole of the work proceeds naturally as an extension of that necessary for calculating the mean, and we accordingly use the same illustrations as in the last chapter. Thus in Example ii. below, cols. 1, 2, 3, and 4 are the same as those we have already given in Example i. of Chap. VIL for the calculation of the mean, Column 5 gives the figures necessary for calculating the standard deviation, and is derived directly from col. 4 by multiplying the figures of that column again by & Thus 90 x 5= 450, 192 x 4= 768, and so on. The work is therefore done very rapidly. The remaining steps of the arithmetic are given below the table ; the student must be careful to remember the final conversion, if necessary, from the class-interval as unit to the natural unit of measurement. In this case the value found is 2:48 class intervals, and the class-interval being half a unit, that is 1-24 per cent. 138

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