CONTENTS 
[INTRODUCTION . . . 
Equalising Tendency of Com- 
merce. . . 
Natural Advantages 
Historical Advantages 
Tariffs . . . 
Key Industries . 
Bounties . . 
Effects of War . 
Consuls . . . . 
Chambers of Commerce . 
Technical Education ‘ 
Commercial Education . 
Economic Statistics . . . 
Subjects for Investigation . 
GENERAL FACTS RELATING TO 
THE PRODUCTION, DISTRIBU- 
TION, AND EXCHANGE OF CoM- 
MODITIES . ‘ . . 
Climate . A . y . 
Tropical Productivity . . 
Underground Water Circulation 
Underground Temperature 
Soil and its Treatment . . 
Preservation of the Properties 
of the Soil . . 
[rrigation . . 
Labour . . 
Machinery . . 
Devastating Agents . . ; 
Circumstances Connected with the 
Exchange of Commodities : 
Transport . . y 
Ocean Trade Routes 
Aerial Transport 
Posts and Telegraphs . 
Commercial and  Industr’ 
Towns . . . 
Commercial Countries 
Language . . . 
{instruments of Exchange 
PAGE 
1 
4) 
43 
£9 
55 
60 
654 
to 
a ~ 
nN 
0 
a 
. 105 
106 
‘a 
"OMMODITIES :~— 
{. Commodities dependent di- 
rectly or indirectly on Climate 112 
A. Products of the Tem- 
perate Zone . . 112 
Wheat . . , 112 
Maize 193 
Dats . 
Barley 
Rye . ; 
Buckwheat. 
Pulses 
Potato 
Onions 
Fruits 
Wine. 
Hops. 
Beet . 
Flax . 
Hemp 
Wool. . . 
Woollen Manufactures. 
Silk . v . 
Silk Manufactures , 
Sub-Tropical Products . 
Cotton . . 
Cotton Manufactures 
Tobacco . . 
Opium . ‘ 
Tea . . . 
Tropical Products 
Coffee . 
Cacao . 
Rice . . 
Millets - . . . 
Minor Farinaceous 
Products (88 
Sugar-cane . 89 
The Sugar Industr, 190 
Cinchona . . 195 
Vegetable Fibres. 196 
Fruits . . , 199 
Rubber . . . 200 
Products of Various 
Climates . . 206 
Vegetable Oils, Oil- 
seeds, Oil-cake . 206 
Gums, Resins, and 
other Vegetable Ex- 
tracts . . 209 
Spices, Stimulants, and 
Condiments . . 211 
Dye-stuffs from the 
Vegetable Kingdom. 213 
Timber . <0. 214 
Furs . 2186 
"AGE 
24 
25 
26 
26 
7 
9 
J 
3.