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XIII 
LANGUAGE AND LITERACY TESTS 
Hitherto, a large proportion of the tests used by psy 
chologists to detect intelligence have been language tests, 
or verbal tests, as they are usually designated. These 
tests are based entirely upon the use of words, and ability 
in them rests upon the degrees of quickness with which the 
individual can associate certain given words with other 
related words. The following samples of well known and 
very popular verbal tests will serve as illustrations: 
I. PART-WHOLE RELATION 
Write after each word the name of the object of which 
it is a part, as in the first two samples. 
page book 
blade knife 
etc. 
leaf 
finger 
wheel 
city 
inch 
letter 
2. NAMING OPPOSITES 
Write after each word in the column below, its opposite, 
as in the first few samples.