SOURCES OF MODERN INDUSTRIAL CONFLICTS ; 
A newer technic of scientific management is developing. “Taylor 
was no psychologist and he was not an economist. When he fought 
‘soldiering’ on the part of workers, he fought it through an appeal to 
the wage motive. Today the management engineer is working with 
the psychologist and the economist. He has found that neither the 
wage motive nor the profit motive is enough. An appeal to the creative 
spirit and the spirit of service is also necessary. This means that 
scientific management is becoming a part of our moral inheritance.’’16 
This newer viewpoint is not to be regarded as wholly a product of 
the war and subsequent developments, for it was being applied in 
some establishments previously. Nor is it to be associated wholly 
with those engineers most active in the promulgation and application 
of principles enunciated by Taylor. Among the pioneers in this 
direction was Mr. Robert B. Wolf. Describing his procedure, Mr. 
Wolf said in 1917: 
We make it a policy to record the operations of the individual workmen in such 
a way that they have some means for recording their progress and are thereby 
able to realize just what their efforts produce. This brings out what we call the 
creative faculty of the man to the fullest extent; he is able to really enjoy his 
work by being given opportunity for self-expression. In all of our operations we 
work to produce this result, realizing that we are primarily developing human 
beings, and that plant efficiency is not an end in itself but that the real aim is 
the development of men. . . . . Itis a fact that is beginning to be recognized 
today by men who are thinking chiefly along these lines that a man is internally 
purified by doing work which is fundamentally creative in nature. The desire for 
self-expression is one of the most fundamental instincts in human nature, and 
unless it is satisfied it is bound to manifest itself in all sorts of abnormal ways 
which today are working such havoc in society. . . . . This brings back, as 
you can readily see, somewhat the old artisan idea, where the workman took pride 
in the execution of his work because he had means for realizing himself in it; 
only in our case the man does not create the complete finished article but does 
create and form a more or less definite record and realizes its relationship to the 
finished product in which he takes a personal interest and pride.'? 
Prompted by somewhat the same motives as actuated employers 
in the establishment of scientific management and welfare work, 
8 7bid., p. xiv. 
7 Wolf, Robert B., “Individuality in Industry,” United States Bureau of 
Labor Statistics, “Proceedings of the Employment Managers’ Conference, Phila- 
delphia, Pa., April 2nd and 3rd, 1917,” Bulletin No. 227, pp. 203-4. 
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