LENIN ON ORGANIZATION 
the Bolshevik Party among the respective catego- 
ries of workers. 
But the Bolshevik Party always concentrated its 
attention on the work in the factories, and on estab- 
lishing nuclei in them. Already in the period of the 
1905 revolution and after, the Party Committee 
knew precisely how many workers there were em- 
ployed at a particular factory, what were their con- 
ditions, and how many members of the Bolshevik 
Party, the Menshevik Party, and Social Democrats, 
and the sympathisers with the respective Parties 
there were in the factory. It was in the factories 
that the Bolsheviks conducted their work princip- 
ally. There they led the strikes and all the conflicts 
of the workers with the employers (mass trade 
unions arose in Russia only at the time of the 1905 
revolution). This gave the Russian Social Dem- 
ocratic Labor Party the opportunity to take the lead 
of the working class struggle and induce the masses 
of the workers to follow it. The Party organized 
meetings in the factories, or at the factory gates, 
and it was from the factories that the workers 
streamed out to demonstrations or to the barri- 
cades. 
With the commencement of the black reaction, 
after the 1905-06 revolution, the Party, after a brief 
period of semi-illegal existence, was again forced 
to go underground. Again it had to reorganize 
itself. Referring to the new conditions, Lenin in 
1908 wrote: 
“Strongly organized underground Party centres, 
systematic illegal publication of literature and espe- 
16