1760 Essays 47 
Italy, drove the manufacturers of woollen cloths into 
Spain and Flanders. The latter first lost their trade 
and manufactures to Antwerp and the cities of Bra- 
bant; from whence, by persecution for religion, they 
were sent into Holland and England; while the civil 
wars, during the minority of Charles the First of 
Spain, which ended in the loss of the liberty of their 
great towns, ended too in the loss of the manufac- 
tures of Toledo, Segovia, Salamanca, Medina del 
Compo, &c. The revocation of the Edict of Nantz 
communicated to all the Protestant part of Europe 
the paper, silk, and other valuable manufactures of 
France, almost peculiar at that time to that country, 
and till then in vain attempted elsewhere. 
To be convinced, that it is not soil and climate, 
nor even freedom from taxes, that determines the 
residence of manufactures, we need only turn our 
eyes on Holland, where a multitude of manufactures 
are still carried on, perhaps more than on the same 
extent of territory anywhere in Europe, and sold on 
terms upon which they cannot be had in any other 
part of the world. And this too is true of those 
growths which by their nature and the labor required 
to raise them come the nearest to manufactures. 
As to the commonplace objection to the North 
American settlements, that they are in the same 
climate, and their produce the same, as that of England: 
In the first place, it is not true; it is particularly not 
so of the countries now likely to be added to our 
settlements; and of our present colonies, the pro- 
ducts—lumber, tobacco, rice, and indigo, great arti- 
cles of commerce—do not interfere with the products 
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