THE NATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 
than through force. Concrete expression was given to this attitude 
in the Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907 which were participated 
in by the delegates of our nation under positive instruction to exert 
every effort toward the establishment of an international court. 
Such a court, through the active participation of American states- 
men and consistent with the principles laid down by our government, 
has now been established and most of the leading nations of the 
world have recognized and declared their adherence to it. Con- 
sistent with the attitude which the United States has always mani- 
fested, this Chamber urges that our government promptly take its 
place with the other nations of the world in the International Court 
of Justice. (Resolution, Tenth Annual Meeting, 1922.) 
CoURT OF INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE 
The Chamber reiterates its conviction that the United States 
should adhere to the protocol provided for the establishment and 
maintenance of a permanent Court of International Justice, and 
expresses gratification in the measures which are being taken by 
our Government to that end. (Resolution, Eleventh Annual Meet- 
ing, 1923.) 
CoURT OF INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE 
The Chamber reiterates its position in support of the Interna- 
tional Court of Justice and urges the Senate of the United States to 
signify its consent to the proposal which has been made by the 
Executive. The Chamber believes that the Court, being permanent, 
composed of judges dealing with legal controversies, assuring con- 
tinuity in the further development of international law, is thoroughly 
sound in principle. The Court is essentially judicial, acts only 
through trained judges; a country adhering to it incurs no obligation 
to enforce its decrees, and does not even incur any obligation to 
submit its own controversies except to the extent that it may see 
fit at the time the controversy arises. The Chamber regards the 
Court as a going concern of great value in the promotion of orderly 
international processes, and believes the Court would be of far 
greater value in these respects if given the moral support of the 
United States; believes that any effort to scrap the Court and make 
a new one would, even if successful, work no substantial improve- 
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