NIGHT WORK IN INDUSTRY 
TasLe 1: Torar NuMBER oF EMPLOYEES AND NUMBER OF 
EmprovEEs oN NigHT WORK, BY INDUSTRY AND BY 
Type oF NigHT Work ORGANIZATION 
[ndustry 
Gas and electricity. ........ 
Paper and wood pulp....... 
Foundries and machine shops. 
tron and steel. ....... oon. 
Petroleum. .......ccvvneennn 
Sugar refining. ............. 
Chemicals. .........ovoint 
Mining. ...ovcvevinninnnnns 
Glass. .vvvvvvenien inn, 
Babber. ous mvas vs eg worm 
Telephone and telegraph..... 
Food........c evenness 
Cement, lime, brick, etc...... 
Linoleum. ...........oovunn 
Boots and shoes. ........... 
Electrical manufacturing.... 
Automobiles .......coiuinnn 
Printing. ....covoceeeveenens 
Textiles... oovrerennennnns 
Paper products............. 
Lumber and mill work....... 
Rotating Shift Plan! 
Regular Fixed | 
Shift Plan 
Toral | Night 
olovees Workers 
Total | Nigh 
ployees Workers 
35,925 
25,442 
7,258 
30,238 
38,142 
7,430 
24,823 
1,800 
17,500 
1.500 
4,018 
6,866 
302 
13,912 
5,130 
4,451 
3,358 
400 
1,180 
175 
2.100 
135 
27,747 | 
5901 
2,312 
200 
14,163 
12.800 
1,142 
1.000 
33,215 
276,140 
57,606 
2.255 
290 
16,000 
16,589 
27,927 
8,07¢ 
15,155 
(5,000 
1,380 
216 
35 
150 
2,756 
2.335 
1,613 
786 
90 
240 058 
07 | enon yy, 
42 ONG 
Temporar 
Fixed Shite Plan 
Total 
Em- 
vloyees 
| Night 
Workers 
764g | 
4.945 
1.594 | 
171 
100 
802 
32 
595 
137 
79.662 | 6,732 
1,000! 
2,684 
,100 
3°49 
and automobile manufacturing establishments, the common 
practice is to assign the men to a regular shift with fixed 
hours of work. In the printing industry, where night work 
is generally a regular feature, the night force is also on a 
regular fixed shift plan. Foundries and machine shops are 
the only important industrial group which uses extensively 
the temporary fixed shift arrangement of night work. 
In the establishments using the regular rotating shift plan, 
16.6%, of the employees work at night throughout the year. 
These men compose the entire night force in some plants, 
but more often they form the first and second group of a 
double night shift, one succeeding the other. Approximately 
8% of the employees in plants using the regular fixed shift 
plan are night men, and about the same proportion is found 
in establishments using fixed shifts temporarily. The table 
shows that about 109%, of the entire personnel is on night 
work under one of the three plans of organization of shifts,