22 NIGHT WORK IN INDUSTRY 
In addition to bonuses, a number of companies offer other 
inducements which possess pecuniary advantages. Such 
attractions consist in some instances of free luncheons, trans- 
portation facilities, or paid time for meal-time and rest of 15 
to 45 minutes. In some plants on a fixed shift basis, notably 
in the printing trades, less hours are worked at night, while 
wages are higher than during the day. In isolated instances 
night workers are permitted to leave after accomplishing 
the scheduled work. 
As night work in the establishments which operate con- 
tinuously on a rotating plan is considered as an incident to 
regular employment, only a few companies offer financial 
incentives for night work. Only three of the 83 plants report- 
ing this information give a bonus for night work consisting 
of a slight increase in wages, about three cents per hour 
over the corresponding day rates. Since most night work in 
rotating plans is process work which calls for a higher rate 
of pay than straight day work, it is taken by the employees 
generally as promotion to a job at higher wages, and thus 
extra incentives for night work in these plants are not usually 
considered necessary. 
Establishments which use a regular fixed shift plan of 
night work organization, whether continuously operative or 
only at certain seasons of the year, find it necessary in many 
cases to offer extra awards to night workers. Fifty-four of the 
86 plants belonging to this group offer financial incentives to 
their night work employees. It is of interest to note that in the 
plants which experience no labor recruiting difficulties, there 
is an equal division of establishments according to whether 
or not they give a bonus for night work, while in concerns 
which encounter difficulties in obtaining labor, two out of 
every three companies offer extra awards. From this it 
appears that the extra incentives are not altogether effective 
in overcoming the disadvantages in the recruiting of labor. 
Such awards as extra paid time for meals and rest, free 
luncheons and transportation facilities are provided for 
their night workers by a number of establishments operating 
on regular fixed shift programs. More often these companies 
mention the fact that, while financial incentives are not 
given, the possibility of earning increased wages through the