CONTENTS 
PREFACE 
. Arctic DiscoverIEs PRIOR TO 1800 
[I Tue NorTHEAST PASSAGE 
[II Tue NORTHWEST PASSAGE AND THE 
FRANKLIN SEARCH 
[V Bering Sea AND ITs IsLANDs 
V Arctic ArLaska 
VI Porar Canapa 
VII CanNapiaN Arctic ARCHIPELAGO 
VIII KANE Sea AND THE GREAT Frozen Ocean 
[X GREENLAND 
X Jan MAYEN AND THE GREENLAND SEA 
XI IceLanD 
XII SvaLBARD 
XIII Porar Eurore 
XIV Franz JoseF ARCHIPELAGO 
XV Novaya Zemrya aND NoRrRTHERN Russia 
XVI Arctic Asia 
XVII Tue IsLanps oF THE SIBERIAN SEa 
XVIII Arctic AviaTION 
XIX NortH-PoLarR VovaGEs go 
XX Tue InTErRNATIONAL CIRCUMPOLAR STATIONS 208 
[ vit ] 
19 
31 
16 
57 
70 
78 
93 
105 
113 
121 
[37 
146 
154 
165 
173