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and more boys will no doubt be attracted to the centres if their 
reputation as bridges to employment in other areas becomes firmly 
established. The fact remains, however; that the boys most in 
need of discipline tend to stay away from the centres. We are so 
impressed with the dangers of demoralisation among these lads 
from the point of view of the transfer problem that we think that, 
if in the near future a substantial number of unemployed juveniles 
are not in attendance at centres, the question of introducing legisla- 
tion to make attendance compulsory for juveniles who are unem- 
ployed in areas to be scheduled -and are not attending school, should 
be seriously considered. 
VIII. OPENINGS FOR EMPLOYMENT IN THIS COUNTRY 
67. However perfect the machinery for transfer, it is useless 
unless openings can be found for those transferred. We have 
already referred to the elastic working of the employment market 
and have indicated the general absorptive capacity of industry. 
There are opportunities for employment, but employment can only 
be obtained if it is looked for, Nor should exclusive reliance be 
placed on State agencies. State agencies and State action 
can help, but the problem of unemployment in the depressed 
industries is one which can only be solved if the whole community 
realises its existence and consciously resolves to grapple with it. 
It is legitimate to expect every physically fit unemployed man to 
exert himself to the utmost on his own behalf. Active co-operation 
is required, not only from employers, large and small, but from 
all individuals who are in a position to offer work of any kind which 
has reasonable continuity or holds prospects of bringing the workman 
into contact with such work. Apart from private employment there 
are, 1t is estimated, some 120,000 employers of labour who normally 
employ more than five workers. If only even half of these, when 
they came into the employment market, would make it their business 
to give employment to one man or two men from the depressed 
areas, a real step would have been taken towards a solution. 
Private persons, too, can make their contribution ; there are available 
men and youths, boys and girls, willing to take up any situation. 
And, needless to say, we hold that there is a special responsibility on 
Public Authorities, central and local, which place important con- 
tracts, to indicate to their contractors that every opportunity must 
be sought, when collecting personnel for the fulfilment of the con- 
bracts, to find employment for some men from the depressed areas. 
68. Quite apart from an ordinary human recognition of the 
tragedy that has overtaken whole communities, we are impressed by 
the fact that the chronic unemployment in the depressed areas lies 
like a cloud over the whole industrial horizon and lowers over all