CHAPTER VII 
THE MIGRATION OF POPULATIONS 
THE considerations referred to at the close of the 
preceding chapter raise at once the question of the 
distribution of the human race over the earth’s surface; 
since to increase Man’s numbers greatly his territorial 
distribution must accord with the potential advantages 
of each region of that surface. They show, for instance, 
that to attain even to the population-density of gg-o 
per square mile, corresponding to East’s estimate, that 
15 about 2-7 times that now existing as an average, 
vast progress has to be made in human affairs generally, 
while to attain to the highest limit, or over §-67 times 
the existing average density, the co-ordination of all 
Man’s activities will need to be very highly perfected. 
The great wastage directly and indirectly arising from 
every form of ruthless competition, which in part is a 
consequence of his existing distribution, will have to 
disappear in order to reach the limits in question. 
Human energies will have to be devoted, not to attain- 
ing efficiency in the making of engines of destruction 
in order to maintain substantially the present features 
of that distribution, but to correlated studies in the 
difficult social and economic problems that even now 
call for solution. Even to-day the social and economic 
aspects of Man’s rapid growth in certain parts of the 
world, and the necessity of some readjustment of his 
“scatter ” over its surface, constitute problems of 
great intrinsic difficulty. 
We have to face not only the situation as it is, but 
as it will be in the very near future. The first question 
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