EUROPE AND AFRICA 
wattle bark and of cattle. But coffee, cotton,! maize and 
sisal have proven the best products so far, though cattle- 
raising is being pushed, and the country will probably soon 
produce all its own wheat supply. The Government took 
advantage of the revision of the general act of the conference 
of Berlin ? to impose protective duties on cereals and meat 
products. Most of the cotton of East Africa comes, not 
from Kenya, but from Uganda where it is raised by the 
natives. East Africa has large areas of sterile country and 
some very unhealthful districts near the coast; and the good 
areas in the highlands and on the fertile plateau of Uganda, 
where Europeans can live in safety and comparative com- 
fort, are more limited than was recognized by the enthusi- 
astic pioneers? In 1922 the number of European occupiers 
of land in Kenya was only 1370.4 The previous year the 
acreage in crops was 207,000, and it is said that 100,000 
natives are employed by the Government or by Europeans, 
so that evidently even in the highlands the actual work of 
production is done by the natives. It is not a poor man’s 
land. The Government was much criticized for its recent 
scheme which invited ex-soldiers with insufficient capital ® to 
t Cotton to the value of $860,000 was shipped from the two protectorates 
in 1909 and 1910, and £3,195,000 in 1920-21. 2 See pp. 29-31. 
3 The Encyclopedia Britannica (Supplement) gives the area suitable for 
whites as 12,000 square miles and states that in 1921 it had nearly all 
been alienated. But the Annual Report of the Colony shows only 
3,330,000 acres occupied by whites, or 5200 square miles. 
* The Times (London), May 24, 1923. 
5 The settlers might have been warned by the Oversea Settlement Office, 
which published in 1919 a pamphlet entitled “General Information as to 
the East Africa Protectorate.” It says, “Capital is the most important 
factor and it cannot be too clearly pointed out that for many years to come 
East Africa will have to be exploited by the man who will not be ruined by 
the sudden and unavoidable outbreak of disease amongst his stock, by the 
depredations of vermin such as lions, leopards, and hyenas, by the inroads 
of monkeys and baboons, and by the devastations of insects, including 
locusts and swarms of caterpillars, amongst his grain and fruit trees. 
“In general it may be said that the most popular crops are: for large 
106