CONTENTS
XIV. Tue ReEoccuraTiON OF NORTHERN AFRICA: Eyer
Rule of Mehemet Ali and his successors — Failure of the ad-
ministration — Bankruptcy and corruption — Appeal to Eng-
land — Mission of Stephen Cave — Rivers Wilson financial
adviser — Attempts at reform — Cooperation of Great Britain
and France — Native opposition — Cabinet difficulties — Resig-
nation of Ismail Pasha — England and intervention — Efforts at
financial control and reform — Intrigues — Rise of the military
party of Ahmed Arabi — Opposition to foreign interference —
Failure of Khedival reforms — Reasons for armed intervention
— France declines to join movement — Admiral Seymour at
Alexandria — Campaign of General Wolseley and defeat of
Arabia — End of the “Dual Control” — Reforms of Lord
Dufferin and Colvin — Arrival of Lord Cromer — His administra-
tion and the development of Egypt — British successes and mis-
takes — Political parties — Natives in government service —
Organic law of 1913 — Establishment of the Protectorate of
Egypt — Egypt during the Great War — Agitation for inde-
pendence — Independence proclaimed — New constitution of
1923 — Elections and party conflicts — Egypt and the Sudan.
XV. THE REOCCUPATION OF NORTHERN AFRICA: THE Supan
Subjugation of Equatorial Africa by Baker and Gordon —
Establishment of Egyptian administration in Dar-Fur, Bahr-el-
Ghazal, and Equatoria — Suppression of the slave trade —
Successes of Gessi — Abdication of Ismail Pasha and resignation
of Gordon — Misrule and corruption — Mahdi uprising —
Defeat of General Hicks — Other risings — Gordon recalled —
Instructions and position — Attempt to extricate garrisons —
Zubeir’s aid asked — Position of the British Government —
Siege of Khartoum — British expedition of 1884 — Failure to
reach Khartoum — Responsibility — Advance of dervishes
stopped — Anarchy in the Sudan — Need of reconquest —
Changes in position of Great Britain — Kitchener's campaigns
— Subjugation completed — Convention of 1899 — The new
administration — Recent developments and progress.
363
999
APPENDICES
I. THE MANDATES SYSTEM . «+ + «+ « « «=» 423
II. SuMMary OF MT ries IN ArricA HELp BY EvUro-
PEAN S— 428
ToricAaL BIBLIOGE
INDEX
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