RIIODESIA 
235 
In the mean time another movement was starting in the 
North. The African Lakes Company, directed by the ener- 
getic Moir brothers, undertook to open to British trade and 
British missions the district lying to the south and west of 
Lake Nyasa and brought to the notice of the world by Liv- 
ingstone’s explorations. Trading stations were opened, be- 
ginning at Karonga; and the representatives of the London 
Missionary Society arrived in 1887. Through the assistance 
of Captain Lugard,! Alfred Swann, Sir Alfred Sharpe, and H. 
H. Johnston (now Sir Harry), who was Commissioner of this 
region under the South African Company (including north- 
ern Rhodesia) from 1891 to 1895, the slave trade was 
stamped out, treaties made with the natives up to Lake 
Tanganyika and west to Msiri and the Congo, and a district 
six hundred miles long and seventy miles wide marked out 
for British control. On February 22, 1893, a protectorate 
was officially proclaimed over this region which was desig- 
nated as “British Central Africa,” but has been known since 
1907 as British Nyasaland. In the Anglo-Portuguese treaty 
of June 11, 1891, the boundaries between Portuguese East 
Africa and the new claims of Great Britain in South Central 
Africa were delimited and Britain’s right to N yasaland and 
Rhodesia recognized. In the Anglo-German treaties of 1890 
and 1893, the German Empire officially ratified England’s 
claims in this region, and the boundary between them and 
German Southwest and German East Africa was marked. 
The extension of British authority to the great plateau of 
Tanganyika and Northeastern Rhodesia followed rapidly, 
through the able efforts of Major P. D. Forbes and Robert 
Codrington, the latter being administrator of Northeastern 
Rhodesia from 1898 to 1907. Abercorn was founded in 
1893, Fife in 1895, numerous treaties arranged with the 
native chiefs, slave raids and the practice of mutilation 
! Now Sir Frederick; see Chapter VII: Nigerian Enterprise.