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+ EUROPE AND AFRICA 
stopped, peace established between the tribes, and the head- 
quarters of the company’s government removed from Blan- 
tyre to Fort Jameson. Late in 1898, Codrington, at the in- 
vitation of the “White Fathers,” who had been prevailed 
upon by King Mwamba to take land and set up a mission 
near his capital earlier in the year, sent M’Kinnon and 
Young to Kasama and secured a protectorate over the 
Awemba — the most powerful tribe of the whole region.! 
Within a year he succeeded in organizing the whole north- 
eastern province into nine fiscal and magisterial districts and 
in placing the administration on a sound and permanent 
basis. And in 1899 and 1900, the entire region, reaching 
from the Zambesi to the borders of the Congo and German 
East Africa, was divided and organized into two separate 
protectorates known as Northeastern and Northwestern 
Rhodesia, the definite boundary between Northwestern Rho- 
desia and Portuguese West Africa being finally adjusted in 
the Barotse treaty between England and Portugal in 1905.2 
Thus, and chiefly through the efforts of the South African 
Company, a vast territory — amounting approximately to 
£80,000 square miles — had been secured for England. If 
we add to this the area — 293,000 square miles — of the 
three other protectorates controlled by Britain — Bechuana- 
land, Basutoland, and Swaziland — we get the total of 
773,000 square miles; and putting with this the territory of 
the Union, the grand total of land under the British flag in 
South Africa is 1,246,000 square miles. If then we add 
further the mandated territory of Southwest Africa, the 
grand total of South African territory subject in some meas- 
ure to British control is 1,611,000 square miles or over one 
half the size of the United States, not counting Alaska and 
! Gouldsbury and Sheane, The Great Plateau of Northern Rhodesia, 
Arnold, 1911. 
2 Hertslet, Com. Treaties, vol. 24, p. 939.