7 
Modern Business Geography 
Fic. 69. A flock of sheep on a mountain slope in eastern Washington. Sheep crop the grass so 
close to the ground that the shepherd must keep his flock moving to new pastures where the 
prass is long enough to provide pasturace. 
Cattle raising outside the United States. Figure 68 shows that 
there are far more cattle in densely populated western Europe than 
in the whole of the United States. Many European cattle are 
raised in barns. They cannot be turned out to pasture, because prac- 
tically all the land is needed for crops. 
Argentina and Uruguay are the great cattle countries of the south- 
ern hemisphere (Fig. 68). From the vast grasslands of these coun- 
tries enormous herds are driven amid clouds of dust to the cities, 
where they are slaughtered. The beef is frozen and sent to the sea- 
ports for shipment in great refrigerator steamships. 
On the vast dry plains of southern Russia, the Hungarian 
plain, and the plains and plateaus of Australia and South Africa, 
cattle can be raised as easily as on our own western plains and pla- 
teaus. Many cities, like Buenos Aires and Sydney, owe part of their 
growth to the fact that they are convenient centers for the business 
of slaughtering animals and shipping the meat to western Europe. 
The increasing cost of meat. Even before the World War the 
price of beef had been rising continually, because the population of 
the civilized world was increasing more rapidly than the number of 
cattle. This process is still going on, even though farmers use auto- 
mobiles and so raise cattle where formerly they raised horses. The