CHAPTER SEVENTEEN

SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN TRANSPORTATION

(A) Trap Routes aAnp Cities oF BritisH NORTH AMERICA
Fourteen cities in the Dominion of Canada have populations of more
than fifty thousand. Because of the climate, these cities are crowded
toward the southern border.
In the colony of Newfoundland (which includes Labrador) only the
capital, St. John's, has a population of more than five thousand.
Leaping Cities AND THEIR POPULATIONS

Montreal
Toronto .
Vancouver
Winnipeg
Quebec .
Hamilton
Ottawa
Calgary

952,900
556,700
250,000
191,400
126,000
122,500
19,300
55 500

Edmonton
Victoria
London
Halifax
Windsor
3+ John
> "ohn
Reg.ns

.

65,200
65,000
64,300
62,000
56,400
50,000
40,100
27 300

I. What kinds of transportation connect the leading cities with one another
and with the western plains?
2. Through what waterways does their inland commerce reach the ocean?
3. Divide the cities listed above into seaports, lake ports, river ports, and
cities without water transportation. Which ports have good harbors?

The eastern port of Canada. The chief ports of Canada are Montreal
 and Vancouver. Montreal is almost as important as all the others
combined. It is located as follows: (a) on the St. Lawrence-Great
Lakes waterway; (b) at the head of navigation for ocean steamers;
(¢) a thousand miles from the open sea; (d) where the Champlain-Hudson
 valley gives an easy route to the south and the Ottawa valley
 an easy route to the west; and (e) nearer to Europe than is New
York.

{

In what respects is the position of Montreal either supgrior or inferior to
that of New York?

The cold climate does not permit agriculture in the regions north
and northwest of Montreal. It causes the St. Lawrence to be frozen
five months of the year.
5. What effect would you expect the foregoing facts to have on the commerce
of Montreal ?