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is stated to be very high compared with that in Great Britain. In 
the United States, 1925, £1.828: in Great Britain, 1924, £500.* 
XXVII.—-STANDARDISATION. ) 
(a) In TE TYRE INDUSTRY. 
121. As in many aspects of this industry, so in the matter of 
standardisation distinctions have to be drawn between the tyre 
manufacturing and general rubber goods sections. The tyre industry 
is still relatively young and many changes have been effected in the 
quality, sizes and dimensions of tyres. Such changes are still 
in progress and finality has not yet been reached. Alterations in 
the sizes and shapes of tyres involve manufacturers in very great 
expense in the making of moulds and changes in plant. - Tyre 
manufacturers generally favour standardisation, which they have 
endeavoured to obtain, but motor car manufacturers from time 
to time alter their designs. When a change occurs, tyres of the 
old type have to be supplied for a long time for the cars already 
on the road. Thus, in spite of efforts towards standardisation, tyre 
manufacturers in all countries are compelled to maintain a large 
number of different types of moulds for varying kinds of tyres. 
For instance, over 150 different types of tyres are required to meet 
the needs of cars in the United Kingdom alone. Tyre manu- 
facturers in Canada and the United States have worked fairly closely 
with the British manufacturers in the matter of standardisation, 
but the French do not join in at all. 
(b) GENERAL. RUBBER G-00DS MANUFACTURE. 
122. Many of the firms engaged in the general rubber goods 
industry are old-established and conservative in their methods: 
This applies particularly to the firms in the United Kingdom and 
on the Continent of Europe. The industry has grown up through 
the manufacturer making the article required by the purchaser 
and not through the manufacturers giving purchasers a lead by 
establishing a trade in branded standardised articles. Some manu- 
facturer can generally be found willing to work to a particular 
order. Intense competition in the industry has also prevented 
standardisation in many of its branches. 
128. This lack of standardisation results in uneconomical methods 
of working, and checks the adoption of Commercial practices which 
might be of great benefit to the industry—such as co-operative 
advertising and the use of a general trade mark. 
124. Many striking examples of the present lack of standardisa- 
tion in the rubber industry could be quoted. We will mention 
three, which we ‘do not doubt could be paralleled by instances in 
* Trade Information Bulletin No. 644 published by the United States Bureau 
Foreign and Domestic Commerce. 
329K 
~N 
Tyres. 
Industry 
grown up 
on speci- 
alising. 
Standard- 
isation and 
co-operative 
advertising. 
Examples of 
lack of 
standard- 
isation.