78 RELIGION, COLONISING AND TRADE 
English liberties overseas, and most assuredly he 
valued trade. But he did not value Empire in the 
sense of dominating other lands and peoples, and in 
the matter of trade he considered that the best service 
which could be rendered both to the Mother Country 
and by the Mother Country to all parts of her Empire 
was the greatest possible freedom of trade. The 
latest developments of the Empire into a Common- 
wealth of self-governing and self-taxing equal partner 
nations, with coloured dependencies, notably India, 
beginning to exchange dependence for equality and 
partnership, find no parallel either inside or outside 
the Empire at any earlier time or in any part of the 
world. But it is certain that while trade considera- 
tions, preferences and the like have been carefully kept 
in view, the vast changes which have taken place have 
not in any way been dictated by trade. Tradekilled the 
Old Empire, but it has been given no chance of killing 
the new. 
Turning to colonising, there was a very large 
revival and increase of colonisation when the 
Napoleonic wats were ended and the New Empire had 
got into its stride. South Africa had been added to 
Canada and Australia as a part of the Empire which 
called for and in 1820 received British settlers, and 
New Zealand was yet to be annexed and peopled with 
British stock, while in the great spaces of Canada and 
Australia there was, as there still is, room for many 
millions of the race. But an entirely new factor was 
brought into nineteenth-century emigration from the 
British Isles by the existence of the United States, a 
legacy from the Old Empire. Here was a British