RAILWAYS, 141 
will take time, but the railway administrations can materially assist by 
making known to all employees and applicants for employment that 
under no circumstances should bribes be offered. All new entrants should 
be handed a printed statement of their duties and rights in the service, 
which should also contain a warning to the effect that evidence of the 
giving or receiving of bribes will result in the services of those concerned 
being summarily terminated. The general adoption of regular serutinies 
of registers of lower grades of labour and the appointment and promo- 
tion of as many grades as possible with the aid of labour bureaux 
and selection boards should greatly assist in removing causes for 
complaint. 
Medical Examination. 
Candidates for employment, are required to undergo a medical 
examination by railway medical officers who decide whether or not 
applicants reach the prescribed standard of vision and general physical 
health. Further examinations take place as and when considered neces- 
sary by the administration and its medical advisers, If a worker, after 
being confirmed in the service, is required to undergo a further medical 
examination, it seems fair that, in the event of an adverse medical report 
being received, the worker should be afforded, if he so desires, the right 
to be examined by an independent specialist. We suggest that the selec- 
bion of these specialists should be made by the head of the Medical De- 
partment in each province. The report of such specialist should be for- 
warded to the appropriate administrative officer of the railway concerned. 
To prevent unnecessary appeals, a reasonable deposit should accompany 
the appeal against the certificate of the railway medical officer and be 
liable to forfeiture at the instance of the specialist. Should a worker be 
considered medically unfit for the post held by him at the time of such 
examination, every effort should be made to find him other work of which 
he mav still be capable. 
Racial Discrimination. 
A substantial amount of evidence was put before us on the sub- 
ject of racial discrimination. So far as railways are concerned, the term 
is generally used to denote discrimination in respect of appointments, 
pay, promotion and other matters in favour of Europeans or Anglo- 
Indians; in the case of the latter, communa] discrimination 
would be a more accurate term. When the railways were being built 
up, the officers and responsible subordinate grades were filled almost ex- 
clusively from these classes, and in very early days educated Indiang 
did not seek employment of this character. Until recent years, prefer- 
ence was shown in respect of appointments and other matters to 
Europeans and An glo-Indians on a]] railways and particularly on company- 
managed railways. With the question of recruitment of officers we are 
not directly concerned, but jt may be remarked that the policy of Indjani- 
sation laid down by the Royal Commission on the Superior Civil Services 
in India in 1924 is now followed. The main field of controversy now ig