BRUNSWICK. 
127 
The extent of the municipal area in 1905 was 3,366 acres, and the density 
of population was 40 persons per acre. 
The vitality statistics of Brunswick at the present time compare favourably 
with those of other German towns. The following Table gives the more 
important of these statistics :— 
Year. 
Birth-rate per 1,000 
of Population. 
Death-rate per 1,000 
of Population. 
Infantile Mortality 
Rate per 1,000 births. 
1879 
1880 
1885 
1890 
1895 
1900 
1901 
1902 
1903 
1904 
1905 
38-1 
370 
346 
353 
333 
313 
315 
300 
29-0 
27 5 
252 
28 4 
25 6 
23 6 
24-0 
21-4 
19 5 
19-3 
16-8 
19 3 
17-8 
17-6 
231 
240 
222 
215 
229 
216 
209 
147 
206 
187 
205 
It will be seen that there has during the last 26 years been a steady fall in 
the death-rate, which in 1879 was 10'8 per 1,000 more than in 1905. This 
improvement has been brought about by the efforts made on the part of the 
municipal authorities and also of the Society for the Promotion of Public 
Health—an organisation supported by voluntary contributions—in founding 
various institutions on behalf of children and sick persons, and in general in 
seeking to apply hygienic principles to the social life of the town. In this 
connection may be mentioned the four milk stations conducted by this society, 
which supply milk in bottles specially for infants and young children. The 
average amount sold daily in 1905 was 1,592 quarts. Creches, kindergarten 
schools, and a special school for children of defective mental capacity have been 
established, and shower-baths have been placed in the public elementary schools. 
Children whose homes are found to be detrimental to their physical and moral 
welfare are placed in an institution which at present has accommodation for 200 
such cases, During the summer holidays poor children whose health needs 
recruiting are taken daily into the neighbouring forests, and during the summer 
of 1905 over 400 children took part in these excursions. School doctors have 
also been appointed in connection with the elementary schools, and the Public 
Health Society already named sends batches of the more delicate children to the 
seaside in summer. A “ People’s Kitchen ” also provides wholesome food at a 
low price. 
Occupations, Wages, and Hours of Labour. 
The industrial activity of Brunswick is very varied in character, and 
consequently offers considerable choice of occupations both to men and women. 
The trades employing the largest number of men are those connected with the 
manufacture of machinery and mechanical apparatus of various kinds, including 
sewing machines and machinery required in sugar factories, in mines, and in the 
canning industry. The manufacture of motor omnibuses and gasometers is also 
an important branch of industry. One large firm employing over 700 hands is 
engaged in making railway signals which are used on various continental lines. 
Altogether more than 8,000 workers are employed in 73 establishments engaged 
m the metal and machine industry. 
The canning of vegetables, asparagus, peas, beans,' &c., is an industry which 
is carried on not only in the town but throughout the whole State, which 
possesses altogether for this purpose 50 establishments with 3,174 employees, 
about half the total number of workers in this industry in the whole of Germany. 
In the town of Brunswick itself there are 26 concerns in which over 2,500 men and 
Women are engaged. This industry is carried on during the months from May to 
October, commencing as soon as the asparagus is ready for cutting. During the 
Remainder of the year very few men are retained, for the purpose of executing 
repairs and making the necessary preparations for the following season. The