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THE  SOCIALISM  OF  TO-DAY.

the  elevating  influence  of  Republican  institutions.  His  disciples
have  inherited  his  hatred  against  the  International  Alberto
Mario,  one  of  the  best  known  leaders  of  the  Republican  party,
never  misses  an  opportunity  of  violently  attacking  the  Internationalists, ­
  whom  he  calls  incendiaries  and  assassins.  Garibaldi ­
  was  less  attached  to  the  Republic,  and  more  inclined
towards  Socialism,  without  connecting  himself  with  any
particular  system.  He  regretted  the  fall  of  the  Commune.
In  a  letter  published  by  the  Gazettina  rosa  in  1873,  he  says,
“  The  defeat  of  the  Commune  of  Paris  is  a  misfortune  for
humanity,  for  it  leaves  us  the  burden  of  a  standing  army,
which  every  party  that  wishes  to  gain  the  upper  hand  will
make  use  of.  ...  I  say  it  with  pride  ;  I  am  an  Internationalist,
and  if  an  association  of  demons  were  constituted  to  fight  the
priests  and  despotism,  I  would  enrol  myself  in  its  ranks.”
After  the  death  of  Mazzini,  Mazzinians  and  Garibaldians  united
in  order  to  found  a  vast  association  which  was  to  embrace  all
the  democrats  of  the  peninsula.  They  took  the  name  of  /
jranchi  cafoni.  Their  journal  was  the  Spariacns.  This  grand
project  could  not  be  realized^  and  the  cafoni  have  almost  all
drifted  towards  Socialism.
It  was  Bakunin  who  brought  the  International  into  Italy-In
  1865  he  formed  there  a  group  of  very  active  Socialists,  who
published  the  newspaper  Libertà  e  Giustizia,  and  formed  the
Neapolitan  section  of  the  International.  In  1867  sections
were  established  at  Genoa  and  at  Milan.  The  “sons  of
labour”  at  Catania  affiliated  themselves  in  1868.  In  1869  a
central  section  was  formed  at  Naples,  which  addressed  an
appeal  to  the  other  sections  to  constitute  a  national  federation; ­
  but  the  police  interfered  with  prosecutions.  In  1870
and  1871  numerous  sections  were  established  in  the  Romagna,
and  were  federated  under  the  name  Fascio  Operaio.  On  the
12th  of  March,  1872,  they  held  a  congress  at  Bologna,  at  which
thirteen  towns  were  represented.  On  the  6th  of  August  the
delegates  of  the  Fascio  Operaio  assembled  again  at  Rimini,  in
order  to  declare,  “in  the  face  of  the  labourers  of  the  whole
world,”  that  the  Italian  federation  broke  away  from  the  general
council  of  the  International.  The  Italian  Socialists  separated