PREFACE 
ix 
of unionism and the attitude of organized labor into the 
field of "the latest phase of capitalistic industrial develop 
ment,” and showed the program of unionism in action. For 
this purpose the lecture on the "Economic Program” was 
written. The ground of the remaining notes on this course 
was covered by Mr. Hoxie’s last articles, "Scientific Man 
agement and Labor Welfare,” Journal of Political Economy, 
vol. XXIV, pp. 833-854, and "Why Organized Labor Op 
poses Scientific Management,” Quarterly Journal of Eco 
nomics, vol. XXXII, pp. 62-85. These have been used as 
Chapters XII and XIII. 
In Chapter VI, for the notes on the Industrial Workers 
of the World and Syndicalism, have been substituted "The 
Truth About the I. W. W.,” Journal of Political Economy, 
vol. XXI, pp. 785-797, and a portion of a discussion of 
Mr. J. G. Brooks’ paper on Syndicalism before the American 
Economic Association, American Economic Review Supple 
ment, IV, no. I, 136-144. The last part of this chapter, 
the discussion of revolutionary unionism, is one of three 
lectures delivered in the spring of 1914 at the University of 
Michigan. Chapters II and III, "General Character and 
Types,” and "The Essence of Unionism and the Interpreta 
tion of Union Types,” are from the Journal of Political 
Economy, vol. XXII, pp. 201-217, 464-487, and were the 
first articles of the projected series on "Trade Unionism in 
the United States,” begun in 1914. Finally, there have been 
added "Notes on Method.” The first of these, "Historical 
Method vs. Historical Narrative,” Journal of Political Econr- 
omy } vol. XIV., pp. 568-572, was uniformly used in the con 
sideration of the method to be followed in the study of 
unionism. Mr. Hoxie’s own writing was a "practical ap 
plication of the methods outlined in it,” and he evidently re 
garded it, Professor Hamilton thinks (Journal of Political 
Economy, vol. XXIV, p. 878), "as the first article of his 
trade union series.” 
While the body of the trade union notes is a growth of