14 
II.— PRIVATE FIRMS AND COMPANIES. 
Duration of Existing Profit-sharing Schemes. 
Tlie details given show that, out of the 133 cases of present 
Profit-sharing referred to in the Table, four date back 
40 years and upwards (profit-sharing arrangements having been 
adopted in 1865, 1866, 1870 and 1872 respectively); seven date 
hack between 30 and 39 years (the dates of adoption being 
1873, 1876, 1876, .1878, 1878, 1881 and 1882 respectively); 
24 others have had an existence of 20 to 29 years (19 of these 
belonging to the period 1889 to 1892 inclusive); and 25 others 
have had an existence of 10 to 19 years. The whole of the 
remaining 73 cases (55 per cent, of the whole number) were 
started at various dates within the last 10 years, 21 of these 
belonging to the period 1903-1907 inclusive, 46 to the period 
1908-1911 inclusive, and the other six to the first seven months of 
the present year (1912). 
Duration of Past Experiments. 
When we come to analyse the details as to abandoned profit- 
sharing schemes contained in Appendix B (pp. 103-112), we 
find that the duration of these 163 experiments is unknown 
in eleven cases (including that made by Lord Wallscourt, 
which is stated to have lasted for “at least” 17 years), 
and in the remaining 152 cases is believed to have been 
as follows : —41 years in one case; 31 years in one case; 27 years 
in one case; 25 years in one case; 24 years in one case; 23 years 
in one case; 22 years in one case; 21 years in two cases; 20 years 
in two cases; 19 years in three cases; 18 years in four cases; 
17 years in two cases; 16 years in one case; 15 years in four cases; 
14 years in two cases; 13 years in five cases; .12 years in five cases; 
11 years in six cases; 10 years in seven cases; 9 years in seven cases; 
8 years in ten cases; 7 years in five cases; 6 years in nine cases; 
5 years in five cases; 4 years in fourteen cases; 3 years in seventeen 
cases; 2 years in sixteen cases; .1 year in thirteen cases; while in 
six cases the scheme was adopted and abandoned in the same 
year. Thus the average duration of Profit-sharing in these 
152 cases was about 8 years, while more than one-third of them 
came to an end before the fourth, and more than one-half before 
tlie seventh year of the experiment. 
Causes of Cessation of Profit-sharing. 
An examination of the causes which have operated to bring 
the several experiments to a close shows that in 8 cases nothing 
is known on this point, while the causes given in the remaining 
155 cases may be roughly classified as follows: —Apathy of 
employees and dissatisfaction of employers with results, 59 cases; 
diminution of profits, and losses or want of success, 29 cases; 
enterprise abandoned, and liquidation or dissolution, 25 cases; 
changes in or transfer of business, 22 cases; substitution of 
increased wages or shorter hours, or other benefits, 8 cases; dis 
satisfaction of employees, 4 cases; job finished or death of employer,